FIBRE TO FABRIC

PART-1
How these clothes
are made??
 Why do we wear clothes ?

We wear clothes mainly

to protect our bodies
from weather conditions
such as heat,cold and
rain.
The material that we use for clothing is called FABRIC
Fibres - long , strong and flexible thread like materials
that are used to make fabrics
How many Types of fibres are
there ???
Types of fibres
NATURAL FIBRES - The fibres that are obtained from plants and
animals.
Cotton is obtained from cotton plant NATURAL
FIBRE
Jute fibre is obtained from stems of jute plant.
NATURAL FIBRE
Wool is obtained from fleece of sheeps,goat,rabbit,camel . NATURAL FIBRE
Fibres obtained from the stem of the flax plant . These fabrics
are used to make a fabric called linen. Flax fibres are also used NATURAL
in the production of ropes and high quality paper. FIBRE
Silk is obtained from the cocoon of NATURAL
silkworm FIBRE
 What are the advantages and
disadvantages of natural fibres ?
 What are the advantages of natural fibres ???
• Absorb more water and sweat
• Allow air to pass through them
• Biodegradable
• comfortable
 What are the disadvantages of natural fibres ???
• May shrink on ordinary washing
• Do not retain their creases for long
• Easily attacked by moths and moulds
• Natural silk is very expensive
SYNTHETIC FIBRES
The fibres that are made by
humans from different
chemicals in industries .
Examples- Nylon,
Terylene,Polyester
 What are the advantages and
disadvantages of natural fibres ?
 What are the advantages of synthetic fibres ???
• More durable and easy to maintain
• Do not absorb much water
• Wrinkle-free
• Not attacked by moths and moulds
• They are strong than natural fibres.
 What are the advantages of synthetic fibres ???

• Do not absorb sweat

• Easily catch fire
• Non- biodegradable
• Do not allow air to pass through them
 Mixed fibres
The fibres made by blending natural fibres with synthetic fibres.
For example –
• Terry wool(TERYLENE+WOOL)
• Terrysilk (TERYLENE + SILK)
• Terrycot (TERYLENE + COTTON) Terry wool Terrysilk
Terrycot
FIBRE TO FABRIC

PART-2
 COTTON
1.Cotton is a natural fibre obtained from
plants. The cotton plants are grown at places
having
BLACK SOIL and WARM CLIMATE.

2.In our country , Cotton is cultivated in

Maharashtra,Punjab,Rajasthan,Gujarat,Tamil
Nadu,Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.

3. Cotton plants need a temperature of about 25°C

and a rainfall of about 60 cm to 100 cm for their
growth.

4. The cotton plant is bushy and about 1-2 metre in

length.
HOW DO WE
GET COTTON
FIBRES??

COTTON FIBRE
1. The fruits of the 2. The boll has seeds 3. After maturation , the
cotton plant are inside which are cotton bolls burst open
called cotton bolls. surrounded by cotton and the seeds covered
fibre.A fully mature with cotton fibres can be
cotton boll is of the seen.
same size as that of
lemon.
 4.The heat of the sun dries these
fibres,turning them fluffy and as
white as snow.During this time,the
cotton field looks like a field
covered with snow.

5. Now, it is the time of

harvesting.Cotton crop is mostly
handpicked.
7. In big fields, machines are also used for picking cotton.
Cultivation of cotton
WHAT ARE USES OF COTTON ??
 USES OF COTTON

1. Cotton fibres are used for manufacturing clothes.For example,socks ,T-shirts,bed sheets etc are
generally made from cotton.
2. Cotton is blended with other fibres to make mixed fibres like terrycot.
3. Guncotton,an explosive,is also made from cotton.
4. Cotton is used to absorb blood and pus from wounds and in other medical procedures.
5. Cotton clothes are comfortable in hot and humid conditions because they are soft to touch ,absorb
sweat and let the air in.A cloth that lead the air in is said to breathe. The sweat absorbed by cotton cloth
evaporates more quickly due to the air it breathes.It results in cooling down the body.
 STEPS INVOLVED IN THE
PROCESS TO MAKE
FABRIC FROM FIBRES
1.GINNING

2.SPINNING

3.WEAVING

4. KNITTING
FIBRE FABRIC
 Ginning
Cotton fibres are separated from their
seeds by the process called ginning.
• Traditionally done by hands using
steel combs.
• Nowadays, a machine called roller gin
is used.
• When ginning is completed,the ginned cotton is
pressed into bundles called bales,which is
transported to factories Roller gin

BALES
FIBRE YARN
 Takli/HAND
Spinning SPINDLE

Process of changing fibre into

yarn .
Spinning machine

Charkha
DO YOU KNOW !!! Mahatma Gandhi , the father of
our Nation,popularised the use of
CHARKHA.He wore only khadi
clothes woven from the yarn that
he himself spun on a charkha.
 Weaving
It is the process to convert yarn into cloth.Process of arranging
two sets of yarns together to make a fabric with the help of
handloom or powerloom.Weaving of fabric is done on hand
-operated machines called handlooms.

Handlooms
 KNITTIN
● In knitting,a single yarn G
is used to make
a piece of fabric .
● Knitting can be done by hands using
knitting needles.
● Nowadays,knitting is done with the help
of machines.
FIBRE TO FABRIC

PART- 3
 JUTE

1. Jute is a long,soft ,shiny plant fibre obtained from the stems of jute plant.
2. Jute is also called golden fibre.
3. In our country,jute is cultivated in West Bengal (India’s largest producer of
jute),Assam and Bihar,in the low-lying areas around the river Ganga and river
Brahmaputra.
4. It needs a well-drained fertile soil like alluvial soil.
5. Jute cultivation needs hot and humid climate and high rainfall (about 200 cm )
during the growing period.
PROPERTIES OF JUTE
The most useful properties of jute are its durability,biodegradability and
strength.
HOW DO YOU OBTAIN JUTE FIBRES FROM
THEIR PLANTS ? EXPLAIN .

JUTE FIBRE
JUTE PLANT
Cultivation of Jute
• Seeds are sown in march or april (rainy season )
• Jute fibres obtained from the stem of the plant are
naturally glued together by a sticky substance
• Jute plants grows 6 to 12 feet in height and bears
yellow flowers
• Plants are cut during flowering stage
• After harvesting, Stems are tied into bundles.
• Keep bundles in stagnant water for about 20 days.
• Sticky matter that holds the fibres is eaten by
bacteria(RETTING)
• Stems rot
• Fibres are separated by hands, then wash these
fibres,then they are dried in the sun and tied into
bundles and sent to factories.
 USES OF JUTE

1. It is used for making gunny bags,ropes ,sacks etc.

2. High quality jute is woven into curtains,carpets,chair coverings and packing for
linoleum.
3. Shopping bags,table mats,jute beads and jewellery are also made up of jute.
4. Jute bags are also used in packing cereals like wheat,jowar and maize.
FIBRE TO FABRIC

PART- 4
 Wool Shearing of sheep
• Obtained from the fleece of sheep or goats
• Removing of fleece from sheep is called shearing .
• After shearing,the wool is cleaned and then combed
by a machine.
• Then the wool is spun into fibres which are then
knitted to make woolen clothes either by hands or by
machines
 Processing Fibres into Wool
Step I:
The first step is the removal of the fleece of the sheep along
with a thin layer of skin. This process is termed as shearing. The
hair provides woollen fibres that are then processed to obtain
woollen yarn.
 Processing Fibres into Wool
Step II:
The sheared fleece is systematically washed in tanks in
order to remove the grease, dust and dirt. This is known as
scouring.
 Processing Fibres into Wool
Step III:
The scoured hair is then sorted and sent to a factory
where hair of different textures are separated or sorted.
 Processing Fibres into Wool
Step IV:

Here the small fluffy fibres, called burrs, are separated from the hair and the hair is
scoured again and dried. The wool is then ready to be drawn into fibres.

Step V:

The fibres are dyed into various vibrant colours because the natural colour of the
fleece is black, brown or white.
 Processing Fibres into Wool
Step VI:
The fibres are then straightened, combed and finally rolled into yarn.
The longer fibres are made into wool for sweaters whereas the shorter
fibres are spun and woven into woollen cloth.
Processing Fibres into Wool
FIBRE TO FABRIC

PART- 5
 Silk
• First developed in
China
• Obtained from cocoon
of silkworm
• Silkworm spins a
thread upto 800m long
to make a cocoon
• Cocoon is boiled in
water to kill the worm
• Rearing of silkworm
for production of silk is
called sericulture
Life History of Silk Moth
 Processing Fibres into Silk
Step1:

Separation of the silk fibre from the cocoon. For this, it is need to be exposed to
warmth. Piles of cocoons are kept under the sun, boiled or exposed to steam. The
warmth causes the silk fibre to separate from the rest of the cocoon.
 Processing Fibres into Silk
Step 2:

Reeling the silk, which is the process of delicately unwinding the fibre from the
cocoon. Reeling is also done in special machines.

Step 3:

The silk thread is then bleached and dyed into many

shades.
 Processing Fibres into Silk
Step 4:

The silk fibre is then spun into silk thread, which is then woven into silk cloth
by weavers.
FIBRE TO FABRIC

PART- 6
Do you know the History of Clothing
Material?
HISTORY OF CLOTHING MATERIAL
1. The early humans did not know about clothes.So , in ancient times,clothing consisted
of leather,fur,leaves and grass wrapped around or tied around the body.
2. Early humans started using animal skin for clothing about 30,000 years ago.They wore
animal skin and wrapped fur around their bodies to keep themselves warm during
winters.
3. After people began to settle in agricultural communities,they learnt to weave twigs and
grasses into mats and baskets.Later,humans developed the technique for spinning and
weaving cloth from the fluffy substance of cotton plant.
4. THE CLOTHING WAS INVENTED BETWEEN 50,000 AND 1,00,000 YEARS AGO.
5. In ancient Egypt,cotton and flax plants were cultivated near the river Nile and used for
making fabrics.
6. In India ,the use of cotton spread around 3000 BC.
7. In China ,silkworms were domesticated to produce silk fibres.The domestication of
silkworms in China started around 3000 BC.The fibres were then spun into thread,which
were woven to make silk cloth.
8. Earlier stitching was not known.Women used to wear sari and men used to wear
dhoti.These clothes were not stitched.
 9.Even today ,sari,dhoti,lungi are used as unstitched clothes.
10.With the invention of sewing machine ,people started
stitching fabrics to make clothes.
11.Today,various stitched clothes such as jeans,suits and
trousers are very popular.
Unstitched fabrics are used by both
men and women .

SAREE

DHOTI LUNGI
DUPATTA

TURBAN