NETWORK

ARCHITECTURE
INTRODUCTION
 Network architecture refers to the
layout of the network, consisting of
the
hardware,
software,
connectivity,
communication protocols and
mode of transmission, such as wired or
wireless. 
INTRODUCTION
 Network architecture, is the logical
and structural layout of the network
 It consists of transmission
equipment, software and
communication protocols
and infrastructure (wired or
wireless), transmission of data and
connectivity between components. 
INTRODUCTION
 Network Architecture is the
complete framework of an
organization's computer network.
 The diagram of the network
architecture provides a full picture
of the established network
with detailed view of all
the resources accessible.
INTRODUCTION
 It includes:
 hardware components used for
communication,
 cabling and device types,
 network layout and topologies,
 physical and wireless
connections, implemented areas
and future plans.
INTRODUCTION
 In addition, the software rules and
protocols also constitute to the
network architecture.
 This architecture is always designed
by a network manager/administrator
with coordination of network
engineers and other design
engineers.
 TYPES OF
NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
TYPES
 There are two main types of
network architecture
Peer-to-Peer Architecture

Client-Server Architecture
Thin Client-Server

Architecture
PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
PEER-TO-PEER ARCHITECTURE
 In peer-to-peer network
architecture every client
(peer) has equal status and
there is no central authority
or server.
 Peer-to-peer networks are
common in homes and small
businesses.
PEER-TO-PEER ARCHITECTURE
PEER-TO-PEER ARCHITECTURE
 In this type of network, every
computer can communicate with all
the other machines on the network,
but in general each one stores its
own files and runs its own
applications.
ADVANTAGES OF PEER TO PEER
NETWORK
In peer-to-peer networks all nodes act
as server as well as client
therefore no need of dedicated
server.
 The peer to peer network is less
expensive.
 The network function is not affected
when one computer breaks down.
ADVANTAGES OF PEER TO PEER
NETWORK
 Peer to peer network is easier to set up
and use.
 this means that you can spend less time in the
configuration and implementation.
 It is not required for the peer to peer
network to use the dedicated server
computer.
 Any computer on the network can function as
both a network server and a user workstation.
DISADVANTAGES OF PEER TO PEER NETWORK

 A computer can be accessed

anytime.
 Network security has to be
applied to each computer
separately.
 Backup has to be performed
on each computer separately.
DISADVANTAGES OF PEER TO PEER NETWORK

 No centralized server is
available to manage and
control the access of data.
 Users have to use separate
passwords on each
computer in the network.
DISADVANTAGES OF PEER TO PEER NETWORK

 As with most network

systems, unsecure and
unsigned codes may allow
remote access to files on a
victim's computer or even
compromise the entire
network
CLIENT SERVER
ARCHITECTURE
CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 In client/servernetwork
architecture  one or more
of the computers acts as
servers that provide
services to the rest of the
network (the clients). 
CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 Client-serverarchitecture
(client/server) is
a network architecture in
which each computer or
process on the network is
either a client or a server.
CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 Servers are powerful
computers or processes
dedicated to managing
disk drives (file servers),
printers (print servers), or
 network traffic
(network servers).
 CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 Clients are PCs or workstations on which
users run applications.
 Clients rely on servers for resources,
such as files, devices, and even
processing power.
CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 With a client-server
network, one or more
servers will perform
critical functions on
behalf of the other
machines (the clients) on
the network.
CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 These functions might include
 user authentication,
 data storage, and
 the running of large, shared,
resource-intensive applications
such as databases and client
relationship management (CRM)
software.
THIN-CLIENT NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
THIN-CLIENT NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
 In thin-client network
architecture the client
computers rely heavily on a
server not only to store files
and applications,
but to run the software on the
clients behalf.
THIN-CLIENT NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
 The thin client merely
acts as a terminal for
accepting input and
display.
 What is a terminal?
THIN-CLIENT NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
 A terminal in this context
refers to :
 Device linked to computer: a
remote input or output device
linked to a computer, or a
combination of such devices,
e.g. a keyboard and video
display
THIN-CLIENT NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
 Although the term thin
client usually refers to software,
 It is increasingly used for
computers, such as network
computers, that are designed to
serve as the clients for
client/server architectures.
THIN-CLIENT NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
A thin client is a network
computer without a hard
disk drive, whereas a fat
client includes a disk
drive.
THIN CLIENT SERVER
ARCHITETURE
THIN-CLIENT NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
 In client/server applications,
a client is designed to be
especially small so that the
bulk of the data
processing occurs on
the server.
ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE

 Centralized Control: access,

resources and integrity of the
data are controlled by
the dedicated server so that a
program or unauthorized client
cannot damage the system.
ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 This centralization also
facilitates task of
updating data or other
resources
(betterthan the
networks P2P).
ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 Scalability: You can increase
the capacity of clients and
servers separately.
 Any element can be
increased (or enhanced) at
any time, or you can add new
nodes to the network (clients
or servers).
ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 Easy maintenance: distribute the
roles and responsibilities to several
standalone computers,
you can replace, repair, upgrade, or
even move a server, while  customers
will not be affected by that change (or
minimally affect).
 This independence of the changes is
also known as encapsulation.
ADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 There are technologies
sufficiently developed,
designed to ensure
security in transactions,
interface friendliness, and
ease of use.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE

 Traffic congestion has always been a

problem in the paradigm of Client Server.
 When a large number of simultaneous clients
send requests to the same server, it might
cause many problems for it (so more
customers, more problems for the server).
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 Onthe contrary, in P2P
networks, each node in
the network server also
makes more nodes, the
better bandwidth you
have.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 Lacks robustness.
 When a server is
down, customer
requests cannot be
met.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 In most part, P2P networks
resources are usually distributed
across multiple nodes of the
network.
 When some nodes are down, others
may still end up getting data
download on rest of the nodes in the
network.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 Expensive to run:
 The software and hardware of
a server are usually very
decisive.
 A regular computer hardware
staff may not be able to serve
a certain number of customers.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLIENT
SERVER ARCHITECTURE
 Usually you need specific
software and hardware,
especially on the server side,
to meet the work .
Of course, this will increase
the cost.
END OF LESSON
ASSIGNMENT
ASSIGNMENT
 CONSIDERAND DISCUSS
THE FACTORS THAT
DETERMINE THE
CHOICE OF A
NETWORK TOPOLOGY
AND ARCHITECTURE
SUBMISSION
 TO BE SUBMITTED IN
HARD COPY.
 DEADLINE:

FRIDAY, 19TH
OCTOBER, 2018.