Phylum Echinodermata

Spiny Skinned animals

Echinoderms– echin (spiny) and derma (skin)

GENERAL INFORMATION
Symmetry
Secondary Pentaradial Symmetry– the larvae
are bilateral and the adults are radial
Videos:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A100m5EpfFI starfish
eating
  
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IP_I6IVyJQ&feature=relat
ed
starfish
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1t-Dz4u4u0 brittle star
moving
Water Vascular System
Tube feet: used for feeding, moving,
breathing, and even reproduction
are extended by taking in water
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=4IRF-pKVtuU
tube feet

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efR0CfudG
O4
The white
tube feet sea urchin
parts are where
the tube feet
were in this sea
urchin
Body Development
• Bilateral larvae

• Pentaradial adult.
Germ Layers
• Triploblastic and deuterostome
5 Classes of Echindermata
1. Class Asteroidia: Sea
stars or Starfishes
2. Class Opthiuroidea:
Brittle and Basket stars
3. Class Echinoidea:
Urchins and Sand
Dollar,
4. Class Crinoidea: Sea
lillies and feather
stars
5. Class
Holothuroidea: Sea
Cucumbers,
 Asteroidea (Sea Stars)
• Mostly eat clams and oysters or other animal that is too slow to defend
itself
• It slowly pries open its prey in order to eat it, sending out its stomach
to consume the body of the shellfish
• They have two stomachs—one is used to eat and the other is used for
digestion
• Unlike the brittle star, sea stars’ organs enter their arms.
• They can break off their arms and the arms can regenerate
Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumber)
• Sea cucumbers are scavengers, looking for food at the
bottom of the ocean
• They usually live in tropical reefs
• If it is threatened, it will stiffen and a jet of water will
shoot out of one end
• If they feel threatened, they can also throw out their
internal organs (evisceration) to distract predators, then
grow new internal organs
• Delicacy to eat in some countries
• They use their tube feet to move very slowly
• sea cucumber evisceration
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a
CxKFc3XtJs&NR=1
• Sea cucumber lifestyle
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vs
LBOkYLLeI
 Echinoidea (Sea Urchin and Sand Dollars)
• The pores in a sand dollar allow water
http://www.youtube.com to enter its Water vascular system,
/watch?v=SRAfjvws13E allowing it to move
sand dollar moving • Sand dollars become bleached and loose
their spines when left out in the sun on
the beach, so the ones in the store are
very different from live ones
• Sea urchins have teeth made of calcium
carbonate, and the entire chewing organ
is called Aristotle's Lantern
• Sea urchins mainly eat algae, but can
also eat other invertebrates like mussels,
sponges, and brittle stars
 Crinoidea: feather star/sea lillies
•Filter feeders – tube feet move
particles down the ambulacral groove

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s
OyM4z8BDwM
ROV looking at sea lillies

http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=s-vF79ykbkY
feather stars
 Feather Star Sea Lily

• Sea lilies were once thought to be planted in the ground but

researchers found out that they actually can crawl from danger
at 5 cm/s. They use their leg-like “petals” to crawl along the
ocean floor. They use a lizard-like technique and leave their
roots behind when escaping predators.
http://www.umich.edu/news/index.html?Releases/2005/Oct05/crinoid
Ophiuroidea
• Calcium Carbonate skeleton
• Long and nearly solid rays which move like snakes
• Arms can regenerate
• Carnivores, filter feeders, and scavengers
• Coelem is smaller than other
echinoderms
• No eyes
 Chordata
• Notochord- a stiff rod that helps
support the dorsal nerve cord
which becomes backbone in
vertebrates
• Pharyngeal Slits- an opening from
the neck to the throat that helps
separate food from water
• Dorsal Nerve Chord- lateral
muscles/organs gets messages from
the brain and becomes spinal cord
in humans
• Post-anal Tail- helps organism
swim, tail goes past the anus
Three subphyla
• Urochordata:
tunicate/sea squirt
• Cephalocordata;
lancet
• Vertebrata: backbone
from notochord 7
classes
Urochordata: link to the vertebrates
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=90AAN2PWAtk&feature=PlayL
• Tunicate larvae
ist&p=5DB348EB6FF26C23&pla
ynext=1&index
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=71kQWVuuQCs=10
sea squirt
Vertebrate classes
• Agnatha (jawless fish):
lamprey/hagfish
• Chondrichthyes (cartilage
fish): sharks, skates, and
rays
• Osteichthyes (bony fish):
sea horse, eel, trout,
salmon, angler, clown fish,
tuna, anchovy etc..
Vertebrata continued
• Amphibia: frogs, toads,
salamanders
• Reptilia: turtles, snakes,
lizards
• Aves (birds): ostrich,
penguin, gull, robin
• Mammalia: whales,
platypus, kangaroo,
humans