Funtion and

regulation of
thyroid hormone
By Iqbal aziz
Function of thyroid hormone
• Increase basal metabolic rate
• Affect in protein synthesis
• Synergy with growth hormone … e.g bones
• Regulate protein, fat, vitamins and carbohydrate metabolism
• Heat generation
• Brain mature
• Faster pulse and stronger heartbeat
• Food Is used more quickly because energy stored in liver and muscle broken down
Overall throid hormone make cells In human body to work harder than usual, thus more
energy is needed to be use.
Regulation of throid hormone
Metabolism of
thyroid hormone
Synthesis of thyroid hormone
Inhibitor in thyroid hormone process
• Inhibited in the iodide uptake
• Thiocyanate
• Perchlorate

• In the mono- and di – iodotyrosine steps

• Inhibited thyroid peroxidase – carbimazole
• This steps inhibited by propylthiouracil

• The only endocrine gland that can store its own hormone.
• The secretion of thyroid hormone in will be inhibited by lithium
Comparison between T4 and T3
T4
• Thyroid secrete T4
• the main hormone circulate in
bloodstream
• Less potent
• Less power in bound to nuclear
receptor
• Transport hormone
T3
• thyroid secrete T3 less
• Not the main hormone to
circulate
• 5 times more potent and act fast
• Bound stronger to nuclear
receptor
• Active hormone
Catabolism and excretion
• In peripheral tissue, de-iodination occurs by dehalogenase
• T4 can be converted into 2 type of T3
• T3 (active)
• rT3 (inactive)

• When iodine enter the plasma , it will be reutilized by thyroid

• Excreted through bile and to a lesser extent, through urine