KERNIG SIGN,

BRUDZINSKI SIGN AND

NUCHAL RIGIDITY

by: putrialishajsg
 • Kernig sign: A sign indicating the presence of
meningitis (inflammation of the meninges
WHAT IS covering the brain and spinal cord). The test for
Kernig sign is done by having the person lie flat
KERNIG on the back, flex the thigh so that it is at a right
angle to the trunk, and completely extend the leg

SIGN, at the knee joint. If the leg cannot be completely

extended due to pain, this is Kernig sign.

BRUDZINSKI • Brudzinski's sign: one of the physically

SIGN AND demonstrable symptoms of meningitis. Severe
neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees

NUCHAL to flex when the neck is flexed.

RIGIDITY • Nuchal rigidity: A third sign used to diagnose

meningitis. Nuchal rigidity is an inability to flex
the neck forward due to rigidity of the neck
muscles
 THE CONCLUSION IS:
• Kernig's sign, Brudzinski's sign, and nuchal rigidity are bedside
diagnostic signs used to evaluate suspected cases of meningitis
PREVENTION OF
MENINGITIS
 Fungal Meningitis

• Avoid soil and other

environments that
are likely to contain
fungus.
• People with weak immune systems, like those with HIV
infection or cancer, should try to avoid bird droppings and
avoid digging and dusty activities, particularly if they live in a
geographic region where fungi like Histoplasma,
Coccidioides, or Blastomyces exist. HIV-infected people
cannot completely avoid exposure.
 Vaccination.
-Vaccines prepare the immune system by exposing
Bacterial the body to a germ so that it is better able to fight an
meningitis infection when it occurs. Vaccines contain either
parts of a germ, live but weakened germs, or
inactivated (dead) germs.
 Avoid the Spread of Disease

- You cannot get meningitis from casual

contact, such as by breathing the air that an
infected person has breathed. These bacteria
do not live long outside the human body. But
you can get it from close or prolonged contact
with an infected person. The bacteria that
cause meningococcal meningitis live in the
back of the nose and throat and are carried by
10% to 25% of the population.
 Good personal hygiene can
help prevent the spread of
disease:
• Don't share food, glasses,
water bottles, or eating
utensils.
• Don't share tissues or towels.
• Don't share lip gloss or
lipstick.
• Wash hands often with soap
and water.
 Enhance the
Immune System
• Keeping the immune system
healthy helps prevent susceptibility
to a wide range of diseases. It may
also help prevent infection by the
viruses and bacteria that cause
meningitis. This is just one more
reason your teen may benefit from:
• Eating a well-balanced diet, rich in
vegetables and fruits
• Getting enough sleep
• Exercising regularly
• Avoiding cigarettes, drugs, and
alcohol
 Meningeal Tuberculosis

Treating people with nonactive or dormant TB

The best way to prevent TB meningitis is to prevent TB
infections can also help control the spread of the
infections. In communities where TB is common, the
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine can help control the disease. Nonactive or dormant infections are
spread of the disease. This vaccine is effective for controlling when a person tests positive for TB, but doesn’t
TB infections in young children. have any symptoms of the disease. People with
dormant infections are still capable of spreading
the disease.
 Viral meningitis

• There are no vaccines to protect against

non-polio enteroviruses, which are the
most common cause of viral meningitis.
You can take the following steps to help
lower your chances of getting infected
with non-polio enteroviruses or spreading
them to other people:
1. Wash your hands often with
soap and water, especially after
changing diapers, using the
toilet, or coughing or blowing
your nose.
2. Avoid touching your face with
unwashed hands.
4. Cover your coughs and
sneezes with a tissue or your
upper shirt sleeve, not your
hands.
3. Avoid close contact such as kissing, hugging,
or sharing cups or eating utensils with people
who are sick.
5. Clean and disinfect
frequently touched
surfaces, such as toys
and doorknobs,
especially if someone
is sick
6. Stay home
when you are
sick.
7. Some vaccinations can protect against
diseases such as measles, mumps, chickenpox,
and influenza that can lead to viral meningitis.
Make sure you and your child are vaccinated
on schedule.
8. Avoid bites from
mosquitoes and other
insects that carry diseases
that can infect humans.
SYUKRAN