OBSERVATION

Methods of Data Collection

Definition

• Observational research is when information about a group of people, events or physical

characteristics is collected by simply watching the subject in a natural setting.
• Observations can be overt which means the subject knows they are being observed or covert
meaning the subject is unaware they are being observed.
• An example of this type of research would be in the field of wildlife research where people
observe animals in their natural habitat and record and present this information
Advantages

The main advantage of observation is its directness. Data can be collected at the time they occur.
The observer does not have to ask people about their behavior and reports from others. He or
she can simply watch as individuals act and speak.

• Other Advantages of the observation data collection method include direct access to research
phenomena.

• high levels of flexibility in terms of application

• Generating a permanent record of phenomena to be referred to later.

Disadvantages

•The observation method is disadvantaged with longer time requirements.

 
•high levels of observer bias.

• Impact of the observer on primary data, in a way that presence of the observer may influence
the behavior of sample group elements.