Prof.

Brij Mohan Mishra Institution of Medical And Technical

Science

Department - Microbiology

Topic – Introduction to Microorganisms and diseases

NAME- PRAGATI MAHAJAN

CLASS – MSC (MICROBIOLOGY) I st SEM

GUIDED BY- DR.SHEETAL PATIDAR MAM

INTRODUCTION TO MICRO-ORGANISM

• An organism which cannot be seen by naked eye.It only can be seen

by microscope is called as Microorganism.
• The study of microbes is called Microbiology.
• The scientist who study about Microorganism is called Micro
biologist . Types of Microorganism.
1. Bacteria.
2. Algae.
3. Fungi.
4. Protozoa.
5. Virus.
 BACTERIA
1. The name bacteria originated from Greek word, which means rods
shaped .
2. Unicellular.
3. Present in air , water , and soil.
4. They are mobile and non mobile.
5. Reproduction by binary fission.
6. Shape of bacteria .
a) Rod shape :- Bacillus .
b) Spherical shaped :- cocci.
c) Spiral shaped :- spirilla.
d) Comma shaped :- Vibro.
7. They may be gram positive or gram negative.
8. Disease caused by bacteria :- typhoid caused by selemonella typhi bacteria.
 Algae

1. Unicellular or multicellular.
2. Present in moist soil like rocky soil.
3. They have cell wall , chloroplast.
4. They have no roots , no shoots , no leaves.
5. Production by Asexually , sexually orby both.
6. Disease caused by algae :- neurotoxic , shellfish poisoing.
 FUNGI

1. Unicellular or Multicellular.
2. They are like plants but chloroplast is not
there.
3. Mode of Nutrition :-
a) Parasitic :- depends on other.
b) Symbiotic :- mutual relationship.
c) Saprophitic :- dead and decay.
4. Reproduction by spores.
5. Disease :- candidiasis , Aspergilliosis.
 protozoa
1. Unicellular
2. Fresh water and sea water.
3. Parasites.
4. Shows mobility by pseudopodia , cilia , or flagella.
5. Disease :- malaria(plasmodium).
6. Examples :- Amoeba, paramecium.
 VIRUS

1. Made up of nucleic acid and protein.

2. Unicellular .
3. Active only in host cells.
4. Borderline between living and non
living. LIVING :-
a) In inside the host machinery for
multiplication.
b) In number .
c) Burst the host cell .
d) In fact other cell .
e) Person fall sick.
NON LIVING :-
a) It is outside the host.
b) Inactive.
c) No activity.
5. Diseases :- small pox , chicken pox , covid-19 , common cold , measles
etc.
Harmless of Micro organism :-
some micro organism have harmfull effect in humans and other micro organism
they cause disease called pathogen.
pathogens :- live in host.
Cause disease in two ways :-
1. Produced poison (toxins).
2. Attack and destroy the host cell and body tissue .
Disease causes by Micro organism :-
a) Tuberclosis.
b) Aids.
c) Malaria.
d) Cholera.
e) Shyphilis.
f) Typhoid, etc.
 How to prevent disease from spreading
1. Washing hands
2. Drink better water.
3. Cover mouth when sneezing or coughing.
4. Do not share your personal items.
Importance of medical microbiology : -
5. It help in idemfication, isolation, diagnosis , and treatment of
pathogenic microorganisms.
6. Help in the production of some antibiotics.
7. Develop new method for preventing iilness.
8. Microbiology gives the information which further used to create the vaccine and
treatment for different diseases.
9. Medical microbiology paly a important role in controlling the spread of infectious
diseases.