GAUGES

SUBMITTED BY: EMMANUEL B.

VALENZUELA
SURFACE
GAUGE

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SURFACE GAUGE

 A surface gauge is a tool used in the manufacturing and

metalworking industries for scribing — which is essentially a
precise technique of measuring — lines on fixed materials.
 These tools, sometimes known as machinists' gauges or scribers
blocks, are very essential for verifying whether planes are properly
horizontal.
 They can also assist in locating the exact center of cylinders, which
is extremely useful in a variety of mechanical settings and
applications requiring precision assembly.
 The word has some application in the auto manufacturing industry,
albeit the meaning is much different.
 Surface gauges on dashboards are commonly used to show how
the vehicle is performing in a number of measures, and users read
these as moveable dials.
 The name is the same, but there isn't much in terms of functionality
or usefulness that hasn't changed.

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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
 The tool usually has a steel base with a vertical arm that may be
adjusted.
 A scriber is a sharp instrument used to mark or scrape into a
material in order to note the specific point of measurement; in this
sense, a "scriber" is a sharp tool used to scratch or scrape into a
substance in order to note the precise point of measurement.
 They may usually be adjusted with both a coarse and fine
adjustment, and which one to use depends on the situation and the
material.
 These modifications may be 4 in and 7 in (approximately 10 cm
and 18 cm) in lesser size gauges, and 9 in and 12 in in bigger ones
(about 23 cm and 30).
 When scribers are used to mark material, they may scrape lines
into the surface or remove a top coat of paint; all of these methods
are more or less permanent, but they don't impact the functioning
of the marked material, and the markings are usually done in
inconspicuous locations.
 The scriber can be replaced with a pencil in some models to make
the markings less permanent.
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LEVELING USES

 The tool's most typical application is determining whether an

object's surface is genuinely horizontal.
 This is required for the production of many various types of
electronics and machines, as well as the assembly of most
high-tech equipment.
 When things aren't level, components may appear to fit
together, but they usually do so in such a way that long-term
functionality is compromised, if not destroyed.
 The machinist will normally manually slide the gauge around
the object's surface to achieve an accurate reading.
 The gauge will inform the machinist exactly how far the
object's surface is from its base.
 The surface is not precisely horizontal if the number
fluctuates.
CYLINDRICAL MEASURING

 Finding the center of a cylinder is another common application.

 This happens more frequently than most people realize, especially
in the field of mechanical maintenance and machinery assembly.
 The tool can be used to locate the center of a round cross-
sectioned object.
 The object, which is often a cylindrical bar, is placed in a "vee
holder," which holds it horizontally.
 The midway point will be established and marked using the
surface gauge, which will measure how far the top of the circle is
from the bottom.
 The operation is then repeated by rotating the cylinder 90 degrees
in the vee block. As a result, a "x" appears at the cylindrical
surface's exact center.

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“ DRAWING COMPARISONS

 These instruments can also be used to compare the dimensions

of different pieces to ensure that they are exactly the same.
 This is especially significant in the construction of machines and
other items that have two pieces that are supposed to be
identical or mirror images of each other.
 It's normally necessary to check if they're perfectly even before
starting in order to guarantee that operations go smoothly, and
this gauge can help with that.
 It can also be used to draw parallel lines, which can assist
assembly workers in determining where various pieces should
be placed.

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UNRELATED USED IN AUTOMBILES

 A dashboard surface gauge is a plate that displays numerous

performance indications to the driver.
 This includes the MPH (Miles Per Hour) or KPH (Kilometers Per
Hour) gauge, which displays the vehicle's speed, the RPM
(Revolutions Per Minute) gauge, which displays engine
revolutions, and the gas gauge, which displays the gas tank's
fullness or emptiness.
 The engine heat gauge, the oil gauge, and the battery indicator
are all popular vehicle performance indicators.
 These gadgets don't make any physical marks and merely
measure in real time.
 Their major purpose is usually to provide drivers more control,
which has nothing to do with manufacturing precision.

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HEIGHT GAUGE

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HEIGHT GAUGE
 One of two types of devices can be used as a height gauge.
 The first is just a device or instrument that measures the height of
an object, whereas the second is a gadget that automatically
designates sections or work pieces for additional attention at a
given height or location.
 A height gauge can also be used to determine the height of a
desired measurement or a component.
 They can be found in stores, factories, testing and laboratory
environments, and even doctor's offices.
 Height gauges are precision measuring tools that can be used to
precisely determine the height of an object or workpiece, or to
mark points on the item relative to a reference plane for later use.
 A stadiometer, which is similar to a height gauge, is used at
medical facilities such as doctors' offices to measure a patient's
height, however with much less precision and accuracy.
 Height gauges are generally metrology equipment used in
manufacturing and production operations to define accurate
dimensional qualities and locations of features for quality control.

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TYPES OF HEIGHT GAUGES
 Vernier gauges are entirely mechanical, with a scale etched or printed on the
device itself, which is commonly mounted on a vertical bar or tower.
 The datum normally has an extension that is either aligned with the object or
gap to be measured, or is set to correspond to an indication on the
measurement gauge column that delivers a reading.
 A main scale and a Vernier scale are used in Vernier height gauges to provide
greater resolution of the measured value. They usually come in sizes ranging
from 6 inches to 6 feet in length. Imperial (inch) or metric (mm) scales, or both,
can be found on models.
 The datum in an electronic or digital height gauge is usually a simple
electronic digital device and display, such as a basic liquid crystal display (LCD)
or light emitting diode (LED), that gives the reading corresponding to the
datum's position in relation to the reference or zero point.
 For both the English and metric systems, both types of height gauges commonly
include various scales or settings for different measuring conventions, such as
decimal and fractional.
 Electronic height gauges, also known as digital height gauges (not to be
confused with digital counter height gauges), use digital displays instead of the
analog dials and mechanical counters found on other types of gauges.
 In general, electronic height gauges allow the user to choose between different
units of measurement, such as inches and millimeters.
 Higher-end models come with a slew of extra features and capabilities that
improve the accuracy and measurement capabilities.
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TYPES OF HEIGHT GAUGE

 Dial height gauges usually come in narrower measuring

ranges, usually less than 12 inches or 300 mm.
 These clocks include a mechanical dial with a needle pointer
that makes it easy to tell the time. Dial height gauges are
relatively portable and may be stored in a toolbox due to their
small size.
 To boost the speed and efficiency of the measurement process,
digital counter height gauges combine a dial and needle,
similar to the dial height gauge type, with a dual-digit counter
 The counter can read to tenths of an inch, while the dial can
read to thousandths of an inch.
 The introduction of a second counter has the added benefit of
allowing users to set and maintain absolute and floating zeros if
necessary.

 A datum is a component that slides up and down this vertical

bar and is secured with screws, clamps, or other means.
HEIGHT GAUGE SIZES AND SPECIFICATIONS

 Several common parameters are used to size and specify height

gauges, as indicated below.
 Note that the specifications for these devices may differ from one
manufacturer to the next, and that the specifications may vary based
on the type of height gauge used.
 The process of sourcing or specifying a model will be made easier if
you have a basic comprehension of these specifications:
 Measuring range/size – represents the vertical range over which the
height gauge can provide measurements.
 Graduation – reflects the number of lines that appear on the
measurement scale for the device. More lines allow for more
granularity of measurement.
 Accuracy – a measure of the degree to which the measured value of
height as reported by the gauge deviates from the actual value.
Accuracy is sometimes defined as a +/- percentage of the full-scale
value of the gauge or as an absolute value in length units. Generally,
the gauge accuracy will depend on the measuring range and units with
higher measuring range will show greater variations (+/- accuracy
specification).
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HEIGHT GAUGE SIZES AND SPECIFICATIONS
 Resolution – reflects the least significant digit of the measured value that can be
obtained using the instrument. For digital height gauges, the number of digits in
the display usually reflects the instrument’s resolution.
 Repeatability – also called precision, is a measure of the gauge’s ability to
generate the same reading for a measured dimension on a given part when that
measurement is performed many times. If a gauge has poor repeatability, then
each measurement taken will yield a different result.
 Measuring force – the value of the force applied to the test workpiece by the
gauge measuring probe or jaw.
 Maximum measurement speed – for motorized height gauges, indicates the
maximum rate of travel for the carriage as it moves along the beam, measured
in units of length/time such as mm/s.
 Perpendicularity – a specification that defines the deviation from pure 90o
positioning of the height gauge beam to the surface plate or base.
 Display type – for electronic height gauges, describes the type of display option
available, such as LCD, LED, or high-resolution color display.
 Probe/carrier options – depending on the model and gauge type, a variety of
different measurement probes and carriers may be available to use for
performing specialized measurements against holes, slots, angles, and other
part features. These can include disc probes, cylindrical probes, taper probes,
depth probes, and spherical probes, transducers for checking of
perpendicularity, and measuring crooks, to name a few.
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“ USES OF HEIGHT GAUGES
 Height gauges are used in quality control applications and can
perform several types of measurements:

 To measure the distance from a reference surface to a specific

feature of a part to verify that it meets specifications and
tolerances
 To scribe a part with accurate vertical dimensions or features
from a datum plane so that additional machining can be done
 To perform 2D measurements of part features
 To verify center-to-center dimensions
 To measure flatness
 To measure angles
 To measure straightness/squareness or perpendicularity of parts

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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

 Setting the height for a certain measurement, usually of a part or a

vertical gap in some machinery, is one of the industrial uses for a
height gauge.
 Frequently, the height is selected and a scriber is attached to mark a
succession of pieces at the preset height to ensure that a
subsequent step in the manufacturing process is performed on each
item in the exact same spot.
 To ensure precision, height gauges can also be used to set the
height for saw blades and other automated machines.
 Height gauges are commonly used by woodworkers and machinists.
 Depending on the gauge, several degrees of precision are
achievable, and machinists will frequently utilize versions capable of
very high precision due to the stringent tolerances that are frequently
expected for machinery and machined parts.
 Anyone who has ever visited a doctor's office and had their height
measured may be familiar with a different type of height gauge, as
these devices are popular in such settings.

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BORE
GAUGE

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BORE GAUGE

 A bore gauge is a measuring tool that is used to determine the

interior diameter of a bore or hole.
 Small components called anvils extend outward once a bore
gauge is introduced into the hole that needs to be measured to
determine the diameter.
 Bore gauges are also known as cylinder tests, hole tests, bore
mics, holtests, internal micrometers, hold bore gauges, or
telescoping gauges.
 Bore gauges come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Internal
micrometers, sometimes known as tri mics, are bore gauges with
three anvils that are calibrated with setting rings.
 Gauges that have two anvils and are calibrated with gauge
blocks are the most common and least priced.
 The most basic gauge is a plug gauge, which has a plug on
either end that is slightly different in size.
 The larger plug will not fit inside a bore that is the correct size.
 A dial or digital readout can be used to show the interior width of
a hole on both three and two anvil gauges, while certain gauges,
as stated below, do not utilize either.
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SPECIFIC TYPES OF BORE GAUGES
ARE SUITED FOR MORE SPECIALTY
MEASUREMENTS

 Telescopic bore gauges send the measurement to another

tool, often a micrometer, to display. They’re both inexpensive
and easy to use, and suitable for deep holes, but they’re also
less accurate than other types of bore gauges.
 Dial bore gauges are both easy to use and accurate, as well as
good for measuring how deep bores taper. However, they need
to be calibrated every time they’re used.
 Small hole gauges, available in full ball and half ball types, are
better suited to smaller bores, and can be used to see if a
bore’s shape is off. Half ball gauges are used when the
measurement needs to be made near the bottom of a hole.

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BORE GAUGE SIZES

 The size of a bore gauge measurement is determined by the

gauge type.
 Bores on the larger end of the scale can be measured with
adjustable gauges, which have replaceable extensions to
measure a wide variety of sizes, as long as lower tolerances
in the finished product are acceptable.
 Plug gauges, which have set sizes and can hold tighter
tolerances, are routinely available in lower sizes, however
larger sizes require special (and more expensive) plug
gauges.
BORE GAUGE SIZES

Gauge sizes vary from company to company:

 Starrett’s bore gauges come with ranges from .080 to 12 inch (2 to

305 mm) ranges, depending on the bore gauge type.
 Fowler offers bore gauges from .060 to 17.716 inches (1.5 to 450
mm).
 Mitutoyo’s gauges range from .037 inch to 32 inch (1 to 813 mm)
models with .0005 or .0001 inch (.01 or .002 mm) graduations.
 Sunnen gauges are available in .0001 to .00050 inch (or .001 to .02
mm in metric instruments) increments to measure from .054 to 6 inch
(14 to 152 mm).
 Mahr supplies bore gauges from .25 to 35.4 inches (6 to 900 mm),
with graduations of .0003, .00019 or .00003 inches (.01, .001, or .005
mm), depending on the model.
 Dorsey’s gauges are available from .5 to 36 inch (13 to 915 mm)
sizes.

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“ BORE GAUGE USES

 Bore gauges are used in applications that need the

measurement of holes, cylinders, and pipelines, such as
automotive, manufacturing, inspection, and calibration.
 Bore gauges are used by mechanics and machinists to measure
cylinder head wear.
 They also use them to gauge the fit of holes in an engine block
so that pistons don't leak the gases they compress.
 Bore gauges are also used by inspectors and maintenance
workers to verify the dimensions inside injection molds for
quality assurance, or to track wear in extruder barrels for
preventative maintenance.

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SOURCES

 Elizabeth, M., Mary Elizabeth Mary Elizabeth is passionate about

reading, & Mary Elizabeth is passionate about reading. (n.d.).
What is a surface gauge? Retrieved October 31, 2021, from
https://www.wise-geek.com/what-is-a-surface-gauge.htm.
 Petersen, C. (n.d.). What is a height gauge? What Is a Height
Gauge? (with picture). Retrieved November 3, 2021, from
https://www.wise-geek.com/what-is-a-height-gauge.htm.
 All about height gauges - definition, sizes, and uses. Thomasnet®
- Product Sourcing and Supplier Discovery Platform - Find North
American Manufacturers, Suppliers and Industrial Companies.
(n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2021, from
https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/instruments-controls/all-about-
height-gauges/
.
 All about bore gauges - definition, sizes and uses. Thomasnet® -
Product Sourcing and Supplier Discovery Platform - Find North
American Manufacturers, Suppliers and Industrial Companies.
(n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2021, from
https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/instruments-controls/all-about-
bore-gauges-definition-sizes-and-uses/ 23