AIL PROJECT

BIOLOGY
TOPIC:-Comparison between flora and fauna of
Maharashtra and Orissa
Name :- Sham Phadtare
Class:- XIA
INTRODUCTION
Maharashtra
If you happen to visit Maharashtra, you will be
surprised to see a huge diversity in flora as well as
fauna. Its topography as well as the tropical
climate has resulted in the diversity that you
explore here. You can get a glimpse of many
wildlife species along with a huge collection of the
flora as well. This state can be best described as a
combination of High Mountain ranges of height
4000 feet and tropical rain forests.
About 17% of this state is covered by the thick
forests consisting of deciduous plants. Most of the
forests are found in the Sahyadri region and are
very dense. Maharashtra is said to have 3 game
reserves, 5 national parks and 24 bird sanctuaries.
So, you can explore a variety of animals like
tigers, deers, wild boars, panthers and many
more.f
Orissa
Odisha (Orissa) is immensely wealthy state at its
flora and fauna. The emergence of a big range of
flora and fauna of Odisha(Orissa) is the answer of
the diverse topography of the state. A great
degree of endemism in their character is recorded
due to the natural milieu they live in, showing a
great extent of biodiversity. About 38% of
Orissa’s total land comes under forest cover.
Its vegetation and wildlife in the coastal area is
completely different from that in the plateaus and
plains as the back water lagoons – including
Chilka, the largest coastal lake of India – have a
very significant impact on the region’s ecological
and biological balance. A variety of resident birds
stay around the islands covering the lakes, while
an assortment of migratory birds find no better
place than Orissa’s forests.
COMPARISON OF FLORA
Maharashtra
The national parks of Maharashtra are full of
variety of plant species that include Jamun
(Syzigium cumini), Palas (Butea monosperma),
Shisam (Dalbergia latifolia), etc. It is estimated,
that presently the state of Maharashtra is
represented by 187 families, 1081 genera,
3025 species, 21 sub-species, 145 varieties, one
sub-variety and two formas that occur in the
wild. Besides, 844 cultivated species have been
recorded. During the present work, a total of
1441 taxa belonging to 699 genera and
125 families of flowering plants were
recorded. ... Fabaceae is the
dominant family with 210 taxa, followed by
Poaceae (157 taxa), Asteraceae (85 taxa),
Malvaceae (68 taxa) and Euphorbiaceae (48
taxa)
Orissa
Some of the trees which grow in abundance in
orissa are  bamboo, teak, rosewood, sal, piasal,
sanghvan and haldi,etc. Teak, apart from
medicinal plants and kendu leaves contribute
substantially towards Odisha's economy. Recent
surveys revealed an overall 726 species of
flowering plants belonging to 496 genera and 120
families. This represents about one–fourth of the
vascular plant species of the Odisha state where
some 2900 species altogether are found. Fabaceae
 is the most dominant plant family followed by 
Poaceae and Cyperaceous. Certain species were
found to be characteristic of specific islands
STATE FLOWER

Maharashtra Orissa
Jarul is the one of state symbol of Ashoka is the state flower of
Maharashtra. It is called queen orissa.
crepe myrtle or pride of india .
STATE TREE
 Mango is the state tree of  Peepal {sacred fig} id the
Maharashtra national tree of the Orissa
FAUNA COMPARISON
Maharashtra
Western ghats of Maharashtra are included in the 34
global Biodiversity hotspots owing to its extraordinarily
rich biodiversity. The biodiversity includes more than
five hundred species of birds.[85] Similarly a study in
the Amravati region found 171 species of birds. Both
regions include resident as well as migrant species.[86]
The state has three game reserves, as well as several
national parks and bird sanctuaries.[87] The six tiger
reserves located in the state cover a total area of 9,133
km2 (3,526 sq mi). Wildlife sanctuaries in the state
include Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, Radhanagari
Wildlife Sanctuary, Bor Wildlife Sanctuary, Koyna
Wildlife Sanctuary, Chandoli National Park, Sanjay
Gandhi National Park, Nagzira Wildlife Sanctuary,
Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve, part of Pench National
Park, Navegaon National Park and Mhadei Wildlife
Sanctuary.[88] The most common animal species present
in the state are tiger, leopard, gaur, sloth bear, sambar,
four-horned antelope, blue bull, chital, barking deer,
mouse deer, small Indian civet, golden jackal, jungle cat,
striped hyena, and hare.[89] Other animals in the state
include reptiles such as lizards, cobras and kraits.[87]
Orissa
There are 479 species of birds, 86 species of
mammals, 19 species of amphibians and 110 species
of reptiles present in Odisha. The state is also an
important habitat for the endangered olive ridley
turtles and Irrawaddy dolphins. Simlipal National
Park is home to Bengal tiger, gaur, elephant, sambal,
leopard, jungle cat, wolf, and hyena. This national
park also has birds like jungle fowl, partridge, grey
hornbill, myna and crested serpent eagle. Sprawling
over 2750 sq km, this is the 7th largest national park
in India.like this there are no. of national parks and
sanctuaries which are home of most fascinating
animals,birds,reptiles,etc. Odisha forest cover has
increased by 274 square km in the last two years, as
India State of Forest report (ISF) 2019 released on
Monday. The forest area of Odisha, known for its rich
biodiversity, wildlife sanctuaries and wetland, has
increased from 51,345 sq km in 2017 to 51,619 sq km
in 2019.
STATE SYMBOLS {ANIMAL}
Maharashtra
Indian giant squirrel is the state animal of
maharashtra. It is one of the largest squirrels with
a head–and–body length of 25–50 cm (10 in–1 ft
8 in), a tail that is about the same or somewhat
longer, and a weight of 1.5–2 kg (3.3–4.4 lb),
although rarely up to 3 kg (6.6 lb).[6][7] Average
for both sexes is about 36 cm (1 ft 2 in) in head–
and–body length, 45 cm (1 ft 6 in) in tail length
and 1.7–1.8 kg (3.7–4.0 lb) in weight.[4]
Orissa
Sambar deer is the state animal of orissa. In
general, they attain a height of 102 to 160 cm (40
to 63 in) at the shoulder and may weigh as much
as 546 kg (1,204 lb), though more typically 100
to 350 kg (220 to 770 lb).[2][3] Head and body
length varies from 1.62 to 2.7 m (5.3 to 8.9 ft),
with a 22 to 35 cm (8.7 to 13.8 in) tail.[4]
Individuals belonging to western subspecies tend
to be larger than those from the east, and females
are smaller than males.
STATE SYMBOL {BIRD}

Maharashtra Orissa
The yellow-footed green pigeon (Treron The Indian roller (Coracias benghalensis) is a
phoenicoptera), also known as yellow-legged bird of the family Coraciidae, the rollers is the
green pigeonis the state bird of Maharashtra. state bird of orissa
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