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Ar. Kajal handa Sharuti (190040012)

Jasveer singh (190040005)
Khushi (190040004)
LE CORBUSIER
 INTRODUCTION

NAME Charles Edouard Jeanneret (was

better known as Le Corbusier )

BORN
October 6, 1887

DIED
August 27,1965
BIRTH
PALACE La Chaux-De Fonds, Switzerland
Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris, better known as Le
Corbusier was Born on (October 6, 1887-august 27,
1965 ). His birth sign was libra.

He was an architect, designer, painter, urban planner,

writer and one of the pioneers of what is now called
modern architecture.

He was born in Switzerland and became a French citizen

in 1930.

In his architecture, he chiefly built with steel and

reinforced concrete and worked with elemental geometric
forms.
EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION

He was attracted to the visual arts and

studied at the Art School in Paris.

His architecture teacher in the Art School

was the architect Rene Chapallaz. Who had a
large influence on Le Corbusier's earliest
house designs.

In 1906 he made his first trip outside of

Switzerland, going to Italy in search of
employment.
 At around
1907, he Between
travelled to October 1910
In 1908 , he
Paris, where he and March
studied
found work in 1911, he
architecture in
the office of worked near
Vienna with
Auguste Perret, Berlin for the
Josef
the French renowned
Hoffmann.
pioneer of architect peter
reinforced Behrems
concrete.
CONTRIBUTE TO ARCHITECTURE
He was the pioneer of
modernism in architecture
and laid foundation to what is
known as Bauhaus movement
or international style.

He formed the five points of He is known for innovation in

architecture which were the urban planning and his
guiding principles for many solutions for low income
architects. housing.

During his lifetime he had

projects in Russia, India and
Europe and two are in the
USA too.
The modulor
LE CORBUSIER:-THE MODULAR
The modular is an
anthropometric scale of
proportions devised by him.
It is based on the height of
an English man with his arm
raised.

Le Corbusier explicitly used

the golden ratio in his
modular system for the scale
of architectural proportions.
A six-foot (about 183 –centimeter) man,
The ratio of the height of the man (183
cm; 6’) to the height of his navel (at the
mid-point of 113 cm; 3’8.5” ) was taken
precisely in a Golden Ratio .

The Modular consists of two scales, The

Red Scale and The Blue Scale. The
Dimensions of the Blue Scale are double
of the Red and the divisions of each
scale are based on the ratio.

Thus the Modular is not only an

instrument of Architectural Proportion
but also a means of ensuring that the
buildings designed using it are of human
Scale.
 CONCEPT

PILOTIS:- Raise the building off the

ground to let nature move under the
building footprint.

FREE PLAN:- Allowing the internal

partitions, this also allowed the division
of rooms to placed at minimums with
minimal wall thickness.

FREE FAÇADE :- Partly based on free

plan, this allowed the windows to be
formed independently of the wall
structure, it also allowed lighting to
rooms to be controlled, increasing the
lighting and removing the possibility of
dark spaces.
 ROOF GARDEN:- letting
maximum light and air enter
the recreation spaces of the
residents. The person on the
new roof garden is soakiing in
the sun, which is seen as the
healthy and right thing to do .

LONG HORIZONTAL
WINDOW:- This allowed for
large amounts of light to be
driven into the living areas of
dwelling, creating sunny
places in winter, the removal
of dark cluttered spaces.
 BASIC MATERIALS
Basic material he generally used in his design
was:-

Concrete Glass

Among all of
these his main
emphasis was on
Steel concrete
FAMOUS PROJECTS IN INDIA:-

MILL OWNER’S
CHANDIGARH
ASSOCIATION BUILDING

VILLA SARABHAI VILLA SHODHAN

CHANDIGARH
INTRODUCTION

• SINCE PUNJAB WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS, THE CAPITAL

WAS LEFT IN PAKISTAN THERE FORE PUNJAB IN INDIA
REQUIRED NEW CAPITAL.
• LE CORBUSIER WAS APPROACHED BY PUNJAB GOVERNMENT
AND THE PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA.
• CHANDIGARH IS A BOLD EXPERIMENT IN MODERN CIVIC
DESIGN.
• CHANDIGARH HAS PROVOKED FRESH THINKING AND IN FACT
SHOWN NEW WAY OF LIFE.
• MAXWELL FRY, JANE DREW AND PIERRE JEANNERET WERE
ALSO INVOLVED IN THE TEAM OF ARCHITECTS.
• WHEN LE CORBUSIER ASSUMED CONTROL OF THE
CHANDIGARH PROJECT IN 1951, HOWEVER THE DESIGN OF THE
CITY HAD ALREADY BEEN DEVISED BY THE NEW YORK FIRM OF
MAYER, WHITTLESEY, AND GLASS WHO RECEIVED A CONTRACT
FOR THE MASTER PLAN OF CHANDIGARH IN 1950.
ALBERT MAYER THE MASTER PLAN
• MAYER WAS THE FIRST ONE TO GET THE CHANDIGARH
PROJECT.
• MATTHEW NOWICKI WAS INVITED TO JOIN THE STAFF
ASSEMBLED TO PLAN CHANDIGARH.HIS DITIES WERE TO
TAKE THE FORM OF ARCHITECTURAL CONTROL.
• MAYER STATED THAT HE WAS TRYING TO CREATE
SOMETHING”THAT REALLY APPLIES TO WHAT WE HAVE
TALKED ABOUT MUCH BUT WHICH HAS BEEN AT BEST
DONE IN A LIMITED WAY IN RADBUBN,THE GREENBELT
TOWNS AND BALDWIN HILLS.
• THE BASIC AIM,STATED MAYER,WAS A BEAUTIFUL CITY.
• THE MASTER PLAN WHICH ALBERT MAYER PRODUCED
FOR CHANDIGARH ASSUMES A FAN-SHAPED
OUTLINE,SPREADING GENTLY TO FILL THE FILE THE SITE
BETWEEN THE TWO RIVER BEDS.
Mayer defined Chandigarh in terms of:
• Fan shaped only
• Curved and Radial network of roads
• A network of parkways
• Super block as the basic: unit of the residential
planning

First master plan decided

• Planning of the major components of the city
including
• Capitol
• University
• City Centre
• Industrial area
• Capital complex occupying the most prominent
position Fan shaped plan for Chandigarh by
• The neighborhood unit, super block and sector Albert Mayer
had all been used in a number of American
projects, of which Baldwin Hills (1941) by Clarence
Stein.
MASTER PLAN
• In 1951 it was given to Le Corbusier
• In Chandigarh Le Corbusier system of self supporting
neighborhood unit known as a sector has worked very
well
• Sector which is introverted in character communicates
only at 4 junctions with the adjoining neighbourhood units
• All the houses open up inside
• Grid Planning is done
• 7 v’s road system is used
PLAN OF THE CITY
 THE SECTOR
• EACH SECTOR IS DESIGNATED BY NUMBER,THE
CAPITAL COMPLEX BEING NUMBER 1,WITH THE
REMAINING SECTORS NUMBERED
CONSECUTIVELY BEGINNING AT THE NORTH
CORNER OF THE CITY.
• THERE ARE 30 SECTORS IN CHANDIGARH,OF
WHICH 24 ARE RESIDENTIAL.
• THE SECTORS AT THE UPPER EDGE OF THE CITY
ARE OF ABBREVIATED SIZE.
• IN ALL TYPE OF HOUSING ,PARTLY BECAUSE OF THE
GLAZING EXPENSE,PARTLY TO KEEP OUT SUN.
• AS THE MOST ECONOMICAL AND READILY AVAILABLE
MATERIAL FOR BUILDING AT CHANDIGARH WAS LOCALLY
MADE BRICK.
• THIS BECAME THE MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION.
• THE FLAT ROOF WAS EMPLOYED THROUGH OUT IN
CHANDIGARH HOUSING BECAUSE OF ITS USEFULNESS AS A
SLEEPING AREA
• 70% OF THE BUILDING WOULD BE PRIVATE IN ALL THE
SECTORS.
• RESIDENTIAL PLOTS RANGING IN DIMENSIONS FROM 75
SQ. YARDS TO 5000 SQ YARDS.
• CHANDIGARH UT IS SPREAD OVER AN AREA
OF 114SQ KMS INCLUDING MANIMAJRA AND
BURAIL
• THE BIRTH OF CHANDIGARH HAS NOT
INFLUENCED ONLY THE NORTH WEST REGION
BUT THE WHOLE COUNTRY IN THE MATTERS
OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING
• PROJECTS HE HANDLED WERE CAPITOL
COMPLEX, HOUSING, MUSEUM, CITY PLAZA
ETC
 IDEA OF LE CORBUSIER
The city of Chandigarh is
planned to human scale.

Lungs – Arms –
Head – Stomach –
Heart – Green university Arteries-
capitol the
The city space and network of
(place of commerci
centre (Leisure industrial roads
power) al area
valley) zone
 ROADS
• The roads of the city were classified into seven
categories, known as the system of 7Vs.
• V-1 Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other towns.
• V-2 Arterial roads.
• V-3 Fast vehicular roads.
• V-4 Free Flowing shopping streets.
• V-5 Sector circulation roads.
• V-6 Access roads to houses.
• V-7 Footpaths and cycle tracks.
ROADS
 DEVELOPMENT IN
CHANDIGARH
The city of Chandigarh was developed in 3 phases:

Sectors 1 to 30 have been developed in phase-1, it was

completely developed in 1975.

Sector 31 to 47 have been developed in Phase-2, for

accommodating population of 5 lakhs in combined.

Sectors from 48 to 56 in Phase 3 has been taken up.

 THE CAPITOL COMPLEX
• THE AREA OF THE GREATEST SYMBOLIC SIGNIFICANCE IN
CHANDIGARH WAS THE CAPITOL COMPLEX , WHICH IN ITS FINAL
FORM WAS BASED ON THE DESIGN OF A GRAET CROSS AXIS
• THE MOST IMPORTANT GROUP OF THE BUILDINGS
CONSTITUTING THE CAPITOL- RIGHT, THE PARLIAMENT, LEFT,IN
THE BACKGROUND, THE SECRETARIAT
• IN THE FOREGROUND, THE POOL OF THE PALACE OF JUSTICE
• THE ARTIFICIAL HILLS IN THE FRONT OF THE SECRETARIAT HAVE
NOT BEEN CREATED AND LAID OUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH
COEBUSIER;S CONCEPTIONS
• ALTHOUGH THE SCENE IS HARMONIUS IN EFFECT, THERE ARE
STILL MISSING THE BUILDINGS THAT BELONG HERE ,SUCH AS ,
FOR INSTANCE, THE TOWERS OF SHADOWS
THE CAPITOL COMPLEX
THE SECRETARIAT,1958
 THE SECRETARIAT
• IT IS THE HEADQUATERS OF PUNJAB AND HARIANA GOVERENMENTS.
• THE SECRETARIAT, THE LONGEST BUILDING IN CHANDIGARH, 833 FEET
LONG,AND 138 FEET HIGH.
• THE CIRCULATION FOR 6000 EMPLOYEES DONE BY THE ELEVATORS , STAIRS
AND RAMPS.
• THE BUILDING WAS COMPLETED IN 1958.
• THE BUILDING IS COMPOSED OF EIGHT STOREY BLOCKS
• THE CENTRAL PAVILION, BLOCK 4, CONTAINS THE OFFICES OF THE MINISTERS.
• IT IS THE HEALTHY BUILDING WITH CAREFUL ATTENTION PAID TO THE NATURAL
LIGHTING, VENTILATION AND BUILDING EFFECIENCY.
• CAFFETERIA IS AT THE TOP WHERE WE CAN HAVE A SPECULAR VIEW OF THE CITY.
• THE SECRETARIAT BUILDING IS BUILT IN ROUGHT CAST CONCRETE.
 SQUARE
WINDOW

FREE
FACADE ROUGH
CONCRETE
RAMP FINISH

PROJECTED
PORTICOS

BIG
ENTRANCE
THE SECRETARIAT
THE HIGH COURT
 THE HIGH COURT
• LOCATION: - CHANDIGARH
• ESTABLISHED : - 1919
• ARCHITECT: - LE CORBUSIER
• THE COURT BUILDING IS ALSO
KNOWN AS THE PALACE OF JUSTICE.
• THE PALACE OF JUSTICE HAS L
SHAPE PLAN THAT HAS EIGHT LAW
COURTS
• THE LONG FAÇADE OF THE BUILDING
FACES THE CAPITAL PLAZA.
• THE BUILDING IS A RECTILINEAR
FRAME WITHIN WHICH THE
INTERIOR FUNCTIONS ARE DEFINED.
 THE HIGH COURT
• AS LE CORBUSIER DEVELOPED THE
DESIGN FOR THE HIGH COURT, IT
EVOLVED TOWARD AN EXPRESSION
INCREASINGLY MASSIVE, PLASTIC, AND
ABSTRACT.
• THE NARROW COLUMNS IN THE MAIN
ENTRANCE HALL BECAME THREE
MASSIVE FLATTENED PIERS LEADING
INWARD.
• IT IS THE VISUAL DRAMA OF THESE PIERS
RISING SIXTY FEET FROM THE GROUND
TO MEET THE HEAVY OUTWARD THRUST
OF THE ROOF WHICH CREATES THE
FOCAL EMPHASIS OF THE PLAN.
• THE HIGH COURT IS ON THE GROUND FLOOR .
• THE OFFICE ARE PLACED ON THE FIRST FLOOR.
• THE UPPER ROOF CANTILEVERED OUT OF THE OFFICE BLOCK
IN THE MANNER OF PARASOL SHADING THE LOWER ROOF .
• EIGHT COURTS ARE IDENTICALLY SAME AND ARE SEPERATED
BY THE LARGE HIGH COURT COLOSSAL COLUMNED
ENTRANCE .
• HE WANTS TO PROTECT THE BUILDING AGAINST THE SUN
AND STRONG MONSOON RAINS HELPED HIM TO SHAPE THE
STRUCTURE
• BESIDES THREE MASSIVE COLUMNS THERE IS THE DOUBLE
ROOF THAT HELPS SHADE THE BUILDING AGAINST THE
ELEMENTS.
• THE UPPER ROOF IS CANTILEVERED OUT OVER THE OFFICE
BLOCK JUST LIKE A PARASOL.
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES
PARASOL ROOF
FORMING ARCHES

DOUBLE ROOF GAP

LEFT BETWEEN TWO
ROOFS

FULL HT ENTRANCE

COLOURED
MASSIVE PILLARS
THE PALACE OF ASSEMBLY
 THE PALACE OF ASSEMBLY
• Location: - Chandigarh, India
• Construction started-ended: - 1951-1962
• Architect: - Le Corbusier
• It is a legislative assembly building in Chandigarh.
• THE ASSEMBLY WAS CONCEIVED AS A RECTILINEAR
STRUCTURE
• IT IS SQUARE IN PLAN WITH A MONUMENTAL PORTICO
FACING THE MAIN PLAZA
• ON THE LATERAL FACADES BOTH THE PORTICO AND THE
OFFICE BLOCK WOULD BE DEFINED BY SOLID END WALLS
• THE LARGE CHAMBER IS IN HYPERBOLIC FORM OF THE
COOLING TOWER WITH AN AVERAGE THICKNESS OF 15 CMS
• THE SMALL COUNCIL CHAMBER ARE IN RECTILINEAR FRAME
• THE UPPER PORTION OF THE TOWER IS EXTENDING ABOVE
THE ROOF LINE
• AN ASSEMBLY CHAMBER IS 128 FT IN DIAMETER AT ITS BASE
AND RISES TO 124 FT AT ITS HIGHEST POINT
• THIS TOWER WAS DESIGNED TO INSURE THE NATURAL LIGHT,
VENTILATION AND PROPER ACOUSTICS
 THE ASSEMBLY HALL
• THERE IS WATER BODY IS PRESENT IN FRONT OF THE PALACE
OF ASSEMBLY WHICH ALLOWS EVAPORATIVE COOLING . AS A
RESULT , DURING THE DAYTIME AREAS AROUND WATER BODIES
ARE GENERALLY COOLER.
• AROUND PALACE OF ASSEMBLY THERE IS A LOT OF VEGETATION
WHICH ALLOW SHADES IN SUMMER AND ALLOW SUN RAY IN
COOL SEASON WHEN THEY LOOSE THEIR FOLIAGE.
 OF ALL BUILDINGS OF THE CAPITOL COMPLEX ,
THE ASSEMBLY IS THE MOST INTRICATE IN PLAN

SEPARATE CIRCULATION ACCOMMODATION OF

ALL GROUPS IS PROVIDED
INTERIOR VIEW OF A CHAMBER

EMPLOYING A SYSTEM OF INDIVIDUAL

ENTRANCES, STAIRWAYS, LIFTS AND RAMP A
COMPLETE SEGREGATION OF MEMBERS IS
PROVIDED

THER ARE TWO SEPARATE GALLERIES FOR MEN

AND WOMEN IN COUNCIL CHAMBER MUSHROOM COLUMN SUPPORTING ROOF
THE ASSEMBLY HALL
 CITY CENTRER, SECTOR-17
• THE CITY CENTER CONSISTS OF
DIFFERENT SQUARES TIED TOGETHER
BY BROAD AVENUES.
• AT THE PRESENT TIME,WHEN THIS
CENTER IS STILL DEVOID OF ANY SORT
OF VEGETATION,THE UNSHADED
OPEN AREAS CAN BE QUITE
UNPLEASANT.
• THIS SECTOR-17 IS VIRTUALLY
UNINHABITED,BUT IT IS ENLIVENED
DURING THE DAYTIME BY THE MANY
SHOPS,BAZARS,
RESTAURANT,CAFES,BANKS AND
DEPARTMENT STORES.
• THERE IS DOUBT THAT AT PRESENT
THE CITY CENTER STILL LOOKS LIKE
AN EXPERIMENT .
• THE URBAN CIRCULATION HERE IS
IN SHARP CONTRAST TO THE
‘ORIENTAL’ BAZAAR STREETS,THE
NARROW ALLEYS FULL OF NOISE
AND PLUNGED IN SHADOW .
• OF ALL THE CITIES OF INDIA , ONLY
CHANDIGARH CAN CLAIM TO BE
AN ABSOLUTELY MODERN TOWN ,
”UNTOUCHED BY THE TRADITION
OF THE PAST,” AS JAWAHARLAL
NEHRU SO APTLY REMARKED .
 SUKHNA LAKE, CHANDIGARH

• DURING THE HOT MONTHS OF MAY AND JUNE, ENORMOUS

AMOUNTS OF DUST USED TO BLOW INTO THE CITY.
• TREES AND SHRUBS WERE PLANTED AS A PROTECTIVE ZONE
ALONG THESE RIVERS, SO THAT THE CITY IS NOW FREE OF THE
INCONVENIENCE OF THIS FLYING SAND.
• ONE OF THESE RIVERS HAS BEEN DAMMED.
• 20 METERS HIGH AND 4
KILOMETERS LONG.
• THIS DAM,WITH ITS WIDTH
ON TOP OF 24METERS,
THUS YIELDED A
PROMENADE.
• THE ARTIFICIAL LAKE
CREATED BEHIND THE DAM
HAS MODIFIED THE
CLIMATE OF THE CITY.
VILLA SARABHAI
(Ahmedabad , gujrat )
 VILLA SARABHAI or villa sarabhai
madame manorama sarabhai is a modernist
villa located in ahmedabad ,india .designed
by the swiss architect LE CORBUSIER , it
was built between 1951 and 1955. it was built
with an austere intrior ,a typical le corbusier
design principle .
It was built for MANORAMA SARABHAI who commission in
1951 to build a home for her growing family and was
comleted in 1955. it is located on a verdant 20 acre park
owend by sarabhais.

The house was

sited and
dessigend to
catch the winds
in summer ,but to
be penetrated by
the sun in the
winter .
.
 The structure has rough brick
wallls coated with white
supporting concrete beams and
consisting of vaults.
Cradle vaults of flat tiles set in
plaster without formwork
coupled a row of bricks cast
roughly in cement
 The sarabhai
house is
situated
according to
the prevaling
winds and its
facades are
furnishd with
brise –soleil.

It was designed to create a cool living space ,which is why the

house is only separated from the outside with bamboo curtains
in the residential sapaces ,and also why the house is positioned
the way it is .
 The ground floor is of The half cylinders of the
madras stone with an vaults ,once the
unobstrusive black waterproofing is
bonding according to a assured,are covered
new method applied by with earth and the
le courbusier to all his upper part of the house
stone paving according becomes a magnificent
to the resources of the garden of lawn and
modulor . charming flowers

All these qualies of this house makes it one of its kind ,and clearly shows corbusiers ways to
transform and modernize architecture .
 VILLA SHODHAN
• YEAR: 1951-1956
• LOCATION: AHMEDABAD, GUJERAT,
INDIA
• THE VILLA SHODAN IS THE CULMINATION OF A
LIFETIME OF RESEARCH AND TESTING IN THE
FIELD OF DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE. IN IT, LE
CORBUSIER, ADAPTING THEM TO RESUME
THEIR INVARIANTS “A TROPICAL INDIAN”.
• IT IS THE CENTER OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY.
 CONCEPT
• Le Corbusier referred to the house as
Shodhan update the Villa saSavoye. This
metamorphosis involves the emergence of a
brise soleil and a parasol-like armor béton
brut superimposed on the city of
Ahmedabad, a lattice wall to the bread of
watercress and a roof garden on toit.
• On a magic trick that, by juxtaposition of two
new elements, a refined house gives the
appearance of a warrior of concrete,
however, suggests the presence of the
former.
 SPACES
• At home Shodan pilotis lose the slenderness chasing
the directionality of a ramp connecting seamlessly to
the different areas of the building, housing space
organizations.
• The front facade is a self-brise soleil that, freed from
the rigors geometric be imposed in the House
Curutchet a few years before going to dominate the
image of the building without losing its original
function hide torrador capture the sun and fresh
breezes.
• The terrace garden, like the Villa Savoye and the
Properties of-town is now triple its height, in a
magnificent scale housing conferring almost
monumental proportions…
 STRUCTURE

• Independent structure of
concrete, foundations pilotis.