Individual Differences part 1

Learning Objective

Students will be able to:

 Explain the basic sources of personality differences
 Identify some personality traits that affect behavior
 State how attitudes affect behavior
The case study demonstrates that there is a growing usage of
measures of intelligence and personality assessments in order to
predict academic success and job performance in many different
settings.

So, what do intelligence tests actually measure?

Changing Nature And Scope Of Managing
Individuals At Work
 ACTIVITY

You have just been admitted into a school/college. You will take three
examinations during the entire year. You sincerely want to receive high marks in
the course. How likely are you to engage in each of the following actions? Rank
the following courses of action.. (give your rankings for the following from 1st to 7)

• Attend classes regularly.

• Create study groups with your friends for weekly
discussions.
• Take detailed notes in the class.
• Join a tutorial/coaching center.
• Prepare written notes for each chapter.
• Read the textbook chapters thoroughly.
• Solve the questions of the last three years.
 Individual Differences

People show substantial individual

differences, or variations in how they
respond to the same situation based on
personal characteristics
 Individual Differences contd.,

Behavior is therefore determined by

the effects of the individual and the
environment on each other
 Individual Differences contd.,

Individual differences
Exceptional managers
have many
capitalize on strengths
consequences including
of workers.
productivity and quality.
 MCQ

The term individual differences refers to the fact that

a. members of the same group behave approximately the

same.
b. members of the same group often show strongly variant
opinions.
c. people respond differently to the same situation.
d. people will show different aptitudes to different skills.
 Consequences Of Individual Differences
(Seven consequences of individual differences that have a major impact on managing people are as follows:

Quality of work varies

because people vary in
People differ in
their propensity for
productivity.
achieving high-quality
results.

Empowerment is effective A given leadership style

with some workers, but does not work with all
not with all. people.
Consequences Of Individual Differences contd.

People differ in their need for

contact with other people. Company management will
find that commitment to the
firm varies considerably.

Workers vary in their level of

self-esteem that in turn
influences their productivity
and capacity to take on
additional responsibility.
Individual Differences :
Sources of Personality Differences
ACTIVITY
 Sources of Personality Differences

Personality

Environment

* Culture
Heredity * Family
* Group Membership
* Life Experiences

29
The “Big Five” Personality Factors
 MCQ

In its scientific meaning, personality refers basically

to an individual’s

a. genetic and biological inheritance.

b. attitudes and perceptions.
c. enduring behavior patterns.
d. enduring social skills.
 Locus of Control

Locus of Internal locus External locus

control of control of control

Extent to
which people People can
Chance, fate,
believe that control their
or other
they can behavior and
people
control events actions
affecting them
 MCQ

Which of these is an example of internal locus of

control?
A. I did well because I'm smart.
B. I did well because the test was easy.
C. I did well because the professor grades easily.
D. All the answers are correct.
 Goal Orientation

Learning goal
orientation Ability to acquire new competencies and
master new situations

Performance
goal Predisposition to seek favorable judgments
orientation and avoid negative judgments.
 Introversion and Extroversion

Introversion Extroversion
• Directed inwardly • Oriented toward other
• Sensitive to abstract ideas people, events, and objects
and personal feelings
 MCQ

Which of the following personality traits is NOT

considered part of the Five Factor Model?
a. Emotional stability
b. Optimism
c. Extraversion
d. Conscientiousness
Values and Attitudes
Values across generations
Perception
 MCQ

_____ is the process by which individuals organize

and interpret their sensory impressions.
A. Perception
B. Intuition
C. Analysis
D. Self-serving bias
 Emotional Intelligence

Emotional intelligence refers

to qualities such as
How effectively people use
understanding one’s feelings,
their emotions has a major
empathy for others, and the
impact on their success.
regulation of emotion to
enhance living.
Emotional Intelligence contd.,

Deals with ability to connect with people

and understand their emotions

Self-awareness

Self-management

Social awareness

Relationship management
 Emotional Intelligence contd.,

High emotional intelligence is associated with the

ability to cope with job setbacks.

Emotional intelligence underscores the importance

of being practical minded and having effective
interpersonal skills to succeed in organizational
life.
Aptitude and Ability
Multiple Intelligences
Importance of Individual Differences
Consequences of Individual Differences