WAR OF

INDEPENDENCE
PRESENTED BY :
ZOHAIB AND SABEEH
 1857
January
British Announce
Grease Cartridge

1857
March
Sepoys executed for
refusing grease
cartridge

1857
May
Uprising In Meerut.

1857
September
British regain Delhi
01 Causes Of WOI 03 Why did the war Fail?

02 The main Events 04 Effects of War

CAUSES OF THE
WAR
MAIN REASONS:
POLITICAL
ECONOMICAL
RELIGIOUS
The reasons for the outbreak of war can be divided into three areas
As different sections of area were motivated by different factors.

Political Factors:
• Replacement Of Persian language
• Doctrine of lapse

Social factor:
• Social Inequality
• No equal oppurtunities

Economic Factor:
• Economic Exploitation

Religious Factor:
• Grease cartridge
WHY THE DID
THE WAR
FAIL?
MAIN REASONS:
1.LACK OF UNITY
2. BRITISH
STRENGTH
1.LACK OF UNITY:
The lack of unity as caused by many reasons including:
1.LACK OF PUBLIC SUPPORT AND LACK OF SUPPORT FROM
PRINCELEY STATES:
The Indians fighting were not united the main war was only being fought in central
India. When the Bengal troops rebelled against their British officers in Punjab. The
people of Punjab were not eager to support them.
The princely states also were of no use as their aim was the complete opposite of
the Indians they actually wanted British rule to continue and actually helped the
British instead of the Indians. For example the ruler of Kashmir sent 2000 soldiers
to help the British win the war.
2. DIVERGENT INTEREST/DIFFERENT AIMBITIONS:
Muslims were the more enthusiastic group as they wanted to restore the Mughal
empire, while the Hindus wanted to take revenge for Rhani of Jhansi and Nana Sahib
and wanted British to leave.

3. LACK OF COORDINATION:
The Indians had no unified war plan they just fought as they pleased, in small groups.
There was no communication. This made the British even more favorable to win the
war. This lack of coordination also led to the lack of resources as no plan means no
one knew what to do, no one was given a single role to act upon. No one was made
to distribute weapons or other resources.
2. BRITISH STRENGTH:
Maybe the main reason to the Indians losing the war was the power of the British. They were
experiencing the industrial revolution which made them stronger along with their military
discipline and strength they were a force to be reckoned with:

1. ECONOMIC STREGTH:
The Industrial revolution made them have stronger more advanced and modernized
weapons, while the Indians only had some guns and many of the Indian fighters being
farmers or lower paid workers meant that even if modernized weapons were available in India
they didn’t have the money to buy it, many of them had shovels and pickaxes with which they
fought. This factor also gave the British the upper hand.

2.MILITARY STRENGTH:
British at the time were known for their discipline on the battle field, they were unified as
compared to the Indians and also were the super powers of that time like the present time
Russia, America etc.
Effects of the war
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES FOR INDIANS:
ADVANTAGES:
ALTHOUGH IT SEEMED THAT THE INDIANS HAD LOST BUT THERE WERE A FEW ADVANTAGES IN THIS WAR EVEN THOGUH THEY
LOST.
1.GREASED CARTRIDGES:
THE GREASE CARTRIDGES WHICH WERE PAINFUL TO USE BY THE INDIANS WAS BANNED BY THE BRITISH.
2.EIC:
THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT SAW HOW WRONG THE E.I.C WERE RULLING INDIA. THEY SAW HOW THE E.I.C WERE
ONLY PLUNDERING THE INDIANS AND NOT GIVING THEM ANY FACILITIES ESPECIALLY BENGAL.
THEREFORE THE BRITISH ABOLISHED E.I.C AND TOOK THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA IN THERE OWN HANDS.
3. DOCTRINE OF LAPSE:
THE DOCTRINE OF LAPSE WAS ALSO ABOLISHED, WHICH WAS ONE OF THE MAIN REASONS AS TO HOW THIS
WAR STARTED BY RHANI OF JHANSI AND NANA SAHIB.
4. INDIAN REPRESENTATIVES IN THE GOVERNMENT:
THE INDIANS COMPLAINT OF NOT HAVING A VOICE IN THE PARLIAMENT/ GOVERNMENT, SO THE
BRITISH MADE A FEW OF THE INDIANS PART OF THE GOVERNMENT AS REPRESENTATIVES OF
THE INDIANS.
5. RISE OF INDIAN NATIONALISM:
THIS WAR GAVE INDIANS A SENSE OF INDEPENDENCE AND A SENSE TO FIGHT FOR THEIR FREEDOM. SOME
MIGHT SAY THAT THIS WAR WAS THE ROOT OF THE IDEA AND BIRTH OF PAKISTAN.
DISADVANTAGES:
AS THE INDIANS HAD LOST THE WAR THEY HAD TO SUFFER THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE LOST. SUCH AS:

1. END OF MUGHAL EMPIRE:

AFTER THE END OF THE WAR THE BRITISH IMPRISONED THE LAST TRUE KING OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE BAHDUR
SHAH WITH HIM HAD COME THE FINAL END OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE. THIS WAS NOT AS BIG OF A DEAL FOR
HINDUS AS IT WAS FOR MUSLIMS.

2.PERSECUTION AGAINST THE MUSLIMS:

THE MUSLIMS HAD TO FACE PERSECUTIONS FROM THE BRITISH AS THEY WERE THOUGHT TO BE THE REASON
THE WAR WAS CAUSED, THE BRITISH STOPPED THE FUNDING OF MUSLIM SCHOOLS AND DIDN’T GIVE THEM HIGH
RANKED JOBS, A MUSLIM COULDN’T REACH A HGIHER RANK THEN A INK POT FILLER.

3. REDUCTION OF THE INDIAN IN MILITARY:

THE RATIO OF BRITISH SOLDIERS TO INDIAN SOLDIERS WENT DOWN QUIET DARASTICALLY AS BEFORE THE WAR
IT WAS 1:5 MEANING 5 INDIAN SOLDIERS FOR EVERY 1 BRITISH SOLDIER BUT NOW THAT THE TRUST OF THE
BRITSH HAD DECREASED THE RATIO WENT DOWN TO 1:2 MEANING 3 INDIAN SOLDIERS FOR EVERY 1 BRITISH
SOLDIER. SO INCASE OF A FUTURE REBILLION IT WOULDN’T BE AS BAD AS IT WAS BEFORE AND COULD BE
CONTROLLED.