Towns Traders and

Craftsperson
Created by Aahil Khan and
Varad Barwat
 Topics to be seen in this Chapter :-
● What are Towns ?
● What are different types of Towns?
● Bidri Craft came from Bidar. 
● A look at Hampi , Masulipatnam and Surat.
● What is lost wax technique? 
● A short information on Vasco da Gama and
Christopher Columbus
● A Google Form of This Chapter of 10 questions link
will be given at the last of the slide.
 What are Towns ?
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages
and smaller than cities. Towns and cities have a long history, although
opinions vary on which ancient settlements are truly cities. The
benefits of dense settlement included reduced transport costs,
exchange of ideas, sharing of natural resources, large local markets,
and in some cases amenities such as running water and sewerage.
Possible costs would include higher rate of crime, higher mortality
rates, higher cost of living, worse pollution, traffic and high
commuting times. Cities grow when the benefits of proximity between
people and firms are higher than the cost.
 Different types of Towns:-
1. Administrative Towns - A town that is a support to the
administrative headquarters of a higher order.
2. Temple Towns - a very important pattern of
urbanization. The city was built around the temple.
3. Pilgrimage Towns -Towns emerged around temples
such as those of Bhillasvamin (Bhilsa or Vidisha in
Madhya Pradesh), and Somnath in Gujarat. Other
important temple towns included Kanchipuram and
Madurai in Tamil Nadu, and Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh.
 Difference between Temple Town and
Administrative Town
Temple Town Administrative Town
Temple towns represent a very Administrative Towns are those
important pattern of urbanization, towns or cities where kings or
[the process by which cities rulers establish their capitals
develop]. Rulers built temples to and carry out the administration
demonstrate their devotion to of the country. In addition to a
various deities.They also gifted
central administrative town,
temples with grants of land and
there are provincial and district
money to carry out elaborate
administrative cities as well.
rituals, feed pilgrims and priests
and celebrate festivals.
 Bidri Craft in Towns
The Bidri art form is a kind of damascene work
known as "koftagiri" - a system of
ornamentation consisting of encrusting gold or
silver on iron objects. In 'Bidri' or 'Bidari', the
metals silver, gold or brass are overlaid or
inlaid in the designs to decorate objects made
out of an alloy of zinc and copper.
What is Pilgrimage town ?
A pilgrimage is a journey, often into an
unknown or foreign place, where a person
goes in search of new or expanded meaning
about their self, others, nature, or a higher
good, through the experience. It can lead to
a personal transformation, after which the
pilgrim returns to their daily life.
 Now we will take a
closer look at Hampi,
Masulipatnam and
Surat in the next
slide ........
 Hampi
Hampi is located in the Krishna - Tungabhandra basin ,
which formed the nucleus of the the Vijaynagara
Empire, founded in 1336. The magnificent ruins at
Hampi reveal a well-fortified city. No mortar or
cementing agent was used in the construction of these
walls and the technique followed was to wedge them
together by interloking.
 Masulipatnam
Masulipatnam or Machhlipatnam was the name
of a port town. The name means a fish port
town. It is situated in the Bay of Bengal on the
river Krishna. Masulipatnam was initially
founded by the trading Arabs who found their
way from the Red Sea to southern India in the
14th century.
 Surat
Surat in Gujarat was the emporium of western
trade during the Mughal period along with Cambay
(present-day Khambat) and some what later,
Ahmedabad. Surat was the gateway for trade with
West Asia via the Gulf of Ormuz. Surat has also
been called the gate to Mecca because many pilgrim
ships set sail from here.
 What is Lost - Wax Technique?
Lost wax technique was used to make Chola bronze statues.
This technique involved several stages:First of all an image
was made of wax. This was covered with clay and left in sun
to dry.Then it is heated and a small hole was made in the
clay cover. The molten wax was drained out through this
hole.Then molten metal was poured into the clay mould
through the hole. Once the metal cooled and solidified, the
clay cover was carefully removed and the image was cleaned
and polished.
Vasco da Gama - A Portuguese Sailor
Vasco Da Gama is a Portuguese explorer and
the first European to reach India by sea. His
initial voyage to India by way of Cape of Good
Hope was the first to link Europe and Asia by
an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and
the Indian oceans and therefore, the West
and the Orient.
 Christopher Colombus
Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) was a Genoese trader, explorer, and navigator. He was born
in Genoa, Italy, in the year 1451. "Christopher Columbus" is the English version of Columbus's
name. His real name in Italian was Cristoforo Colombo.
In 1492 Columbus landed on an island of the Bahamas, the first European to do so. His initial
goal was to find a quicker route to Asia from Europe. He is credited with the discovery of the
New World because his voyage started the era of European colonialism in the Americas. This
was an important moment in European history. While Leif Erikson was the first European to
land on the soils of America it was not well documented and did not lead to the later contact
between Europe and the New World. The effects was the bringing over of livestock, disease,
crops and slaves
When the Spanish learned that Columbus had found a New World, many other people, called
conquistador, went there too. This led to the Spanish colonization of the Americas..
Columbus died on 20 May 1506, in Valladolid,Spain.
Now I will share a link for Google form
for this chapter

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