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Statistics and
Probability
Virtual Class
Prayer…
Checking of Attendance…

Brief review on Random Variables…

Computing the Mean and
Variance of a Discrete
Probability Distribution
 Lesson Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
• illustrates the mean and variance of a discrete random
variable;
• calculates the mean and the variance of a discrete random
variable;
• interprets the mean and the variance of a discrete random
variable; and
• solves problems involving mean and variance of discrete
probability distributions.
Consider rolling a die. What is the
average number of spots that would
appear?
 What does the mean tell us?
The mean tells us that the average
number of spots that would appear is
3.5. Although the die will never show a
number which is 3.5, this implies that
rolling the die many times, the
theoretical mean would be 3.5.
If two coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are HH, HT,
TH, or TT. If X is the random variable for the number of
head, find the mean of it’s discrete probability
distribution.
What is variance? Standard deviation?

VARIANCE and STANDARD DEVIATION

-describe the amount of spread, dispersion,
or variability of the items in a distribution.
Example

The probabilities that 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4

cars will be sold per day at a local car
dealership are 1/10, 2/10, 3/10, 2/10,
and 2/10, respectively. Compute the
variance and the standard deviation
of the probability distribution.
1. Construct a probability distribution.
Number of Cars Sold Probability
X P(X)
0 1/10
1 2/10
2 3/10
3 2/10
4 2/10
2. Find the mean of the probability
distribution.
Number of Cars Probability X • P(X)
Sold P(X)
X
0 1/10 0
1 2/10 2/10
2 3/10 6/10
3 2/10 6/10
4 2/10 8/10
μ = ΣX•P(X) = 22/10 or 2.2
3. Square the value of the random variable
X.
Number of Probability X • P(X) X2
Cars Sold P(X)
X
0 1/10 0 0
1 2/10 2/10 1
2 3/10 6/10 4
3 2/10 6/10 9
4 2/10 8/10 16
4. Multiply the result in step 3 by its corresponding probability.
Number Probabilit X • P(X) X2 X2 • P(X)
of Cars y
Sold P(X)
X

0 1/10 0 02 = 0 0
1 2/10 2/10 12 = 1 2/10
2 3/10 6/10 22 = 4 12/10
3 2/10 6/10 32 = 9 18/10
4 2/10 8/10 42 = 16 32/10
5. Get the sum of the results obtained in step 4.
Number Probabilit X • P(X) X2 X2 • P(X)
of Cars y
Sold P(X)
X

0 1/10 0 02 = 0 0
1 2/10 2/10 12 = 1 2/10
2 3/10 6/10 22 = 4 12/10
3 2/10 6/10 32 = 9 18/10
4 2/10 8/10 42 = 16 32/10
ΣX2 • P(X) = 64/10 or 6.4
6. Subtract the square of the mean from the
results obtained in step 5.
The variance is
σ2 = ΣX2 • P(X) - μ2
= 6.4 – (2.2) 2
= 1.56

The standard deviation is

σ=
 Formula in computing the mean, variance
and standard deviation
Mean:
μ = ΣX • P(X)
Variance:
σ2 = ΣX2 • P(X) - μ2
Standard deviation:
σ=

Where
X – value of the random variable
P(X) – probability of the random variable X
μ – mean of the probability distribution
 Practice 1:
Find the mean, variance and standard
deviation of the probability distribution of
the random variable X, which can take only
the values 1, 2, and 3, given that P(1) =
10/33, P(2) = 1/3, P(3) = 12/33.
 Practice 2:
The probabilities of a machine
manufacturing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 defective
parts in one day are 0.75, 0.17, 0.04,
0.025, 0.01, and 0.005, respectively. Find
the variance and standard deviation of
the distribution.
Please proceed to Edmodo.