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com
 Number 1
Answer:
Tangled
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 Number 2
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Answer: Big Hero 6

 Number 3

Answer: Zootopia
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 Number 4
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Answer: Lilo and Stitch

 Number 5

Answer: Toy Story

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 Cellular Respiration:
Aerobic and Anaerobic
Respiration
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 Objectives
The difference between aerobic
01 Define aerobic and anaerobic
02 and anaerobic respiration
respiration.
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 Cellular Respiration:
Aerobic and
Anaerobic
Respiration
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 What is Cellular Respiration?
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells
of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into
adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.

The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules
into smaller ones, releasing energy because weak high-energy bonds, in particular in
molecular oxygen, are replaced by stronger bonds in the products.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration
 Glycolysis
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell where a 6 carbon glucose molecule (the broken down food that you ate
earlier) is broken down by enzymes into a 3 carbon pyruvic acid.

The Kreb’s cycle

When oxygen is present, respiration can harness more ATP from a single unit of glucose. The pyruvic acid
from the glycolysis stage diffuses into a cell organelle called a mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria). These
mitochondria are sausage-shaped structures that host a large surface area for respiration to occur on.
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 The Cytochrome system
The cytochrome system, also known as the hydrogen carrier system (or the electron transport system) are
where the reduced hydrogen carriers transport hydrogen atoms from the glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle stages.
The cytochrome system is found in the many cristae of mitochondria, which are tiny stalked particles found
on its outer layer.
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 Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration is the process by which organisms use oxygen to turn fuel, such as fats
and sugars, into chemical energy. In contrast, anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen.

Respiration is used by all cells to turn fuel into energy that can be used to power cellular
processes. The product of respiration is a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP),
which uses the energy stored in its phosphate bonds to power chemical reactions. It is
often referred to as the “currency” of the cell.
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 Why oxygen?
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain of
aerobic respiration. In the absence of oxygen, only a few ATP are produced from
glucose. In the presence of oxygen, many more ATP are made.

Examples of Aerobic Respiration

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 Anaerobic Respiration
Anaerobic respiration is the type of respiration through which cells can break down sugars to
generate energy in the absence of oxygen.

Molecular oxygen is the most efficient electron acceptor for respiration, due to its high affinity
for electrons. However, some organisms have evolved to use other final electron acceptors, and
as such, can perform respiration without oxygen.
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 Respiration is crucial to a cell’s survival because if it cannot liberate energy from fuels, it will not
have sufficient energy to drive its normal functions. This is why air-breathing organisms die so
quickly without a constant supply of oxygen: our cells cannot generate enough energy to stay alive
without it.

Instead of oxygen, anaerobic cells use substances such as sulfate, nitrate, sulfur, and fumarate to
drive their cellular respiration. Many cells can perform either aerobic or anaerobic respiration,
depending on whether oxygen is available.
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 The types of anaerobic respiration are as varied as its electron acceptors. Important types of
anaerobic respiration include:

Lactic acid fermentation – In this type of anaerobic respiration, glucose is split into two molecules
of lactic acid to produce two ATP. It occurs in certain types of bacteria and some animal tissues,
such as muscle cells

Alcoholic fermentation – In this type of anaerobic respiration, glucose is split into ethanol or ethyl
alcohol. This process also produces two ATP per sugar molecule. This occurs in yeast and even in
some types of fish, such as goldfish.

Other types of fermentation – Other types of fermentation are performed by some bacteria and
archaea. These include propionic acid fermentation, butyric acid fermentation, solvent
fermentation, mixed acid fermentation, butanediol fermentation, Stickland fermentation,
acetogenesis, and methanogenesis.
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 The difference

02
between aerobic
and anaerobic
respiration
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 Differences and Similarities
Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

Definition Aerobic respiration uses Anaerobic respiration is

oxygen. respiration without oxygen;
the process uses a
respiratory electron transport
chain but does not use
oxygen as the electron
acceptors.

Cells that use it Aerobic respiration occurs in Anaerobic respiration occurs

most cells. mostly in prokaryotes

Amount of energy released High (36-38 ATP molecules) Lower (Between 36-2 ATP
molecules)
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Stages Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Glycolysis, Krebs cycle,

Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain
 Differences and Similarities
Stages Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Glycolysis, Krebs cycle,
Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain

Products Carbon dioxide, water, ATP Carbon dixoide, reduced

species, ATP

Site of reactions Cytoplasm and mitochondria Cytoplasm and mitochondria

Reactants glucose, oxygen glucose, electron acceptor

(not oxygen)

combustion complete incomplete

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Production of Ethanol or Does not produce ethanol or Produce ethanol or lactic acid
Lactic Acid lactic acid
 Differences and Similarities
Overall equation The overall equation of aerobic
respiration is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O +
energy
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon
dioxide + water + energy
Presence of Oxygen Aerobic respiration takes place in the
presence of oxygen.
Exchange of gases There is an exchange of gases during
aerobic respiration where oxygen is
absorbed, and carbon dioxide is
released.
Nature of the process Aerobic respiration is comparatively
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longer than anaerobic respiration.
The overall equation of anaerobic
respiration is:
C6H12O6 → C2H5OH + CO2 +
energy
Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon
Dioxide + energy
Anaerobic respiration takes place in a
condition where there is a low oxygen
environment.
The exchange of gases doesn’t take
place during anaerobic respiration.
However, some gases like sulfur and
nitrogen gases are released by some
organisms.
Anaerobic respiration is shorter than
aerobic respiration.
 Differences and Similarities
Occurs in Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
occurs in most of the occurs in primitive
higher organisms like prokaryotes. Anaerobic
plants and animals. respiration also takes
place in the muscle
cells in humans during
extreme movements.
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 Situation
Tanya is on the high school track team and runs the 100-meter sprint.
Marissa is on the cross-country team and runs 5-kilometer races.
Explain which type of respiration the muscle cells in each runner’s legs use.

Answer
Tanya uses anaerobic respiration as their source of energy because
anaerobic respiration produces energy much faster and is good for
short distances. Marrissa used aerobic respiration because
it can produce more energy for a long period of time.
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 “Calculate me now, Guess me
later”
1. A - (3 +2) - (2 x 9) - (3 x 5) - B - (3 x 3) - (2 + 1)

ANSWER: AEROBIC
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 2. A - (7 x 2) - A - (3 + 2) - (9 x 2) - (3 x 5) - (3 x 3) - (2 + 1)

ANSWER: ANAEROBIC
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 3. (4 + 3) - (6 x 2) - (5 x 5) - (2 + 1) - (3 x 5) - (2 x 6) - ( 5 x 5) - (14 + 5) -
(3 x 3) - (15 + 4)

ANSWER: GLYCOLOSIS
4. (5 + 10) - (16 + 8) - (11 +14) - (3 + 4) -(2+3) - (7 x 2)

ANSWER: OXYGEN
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 5. (11 + 7) - (3 + 2) - (12 + 7) - (4 + 12) - (3 x 3) - (6 +12) - (4 + 16) - (3 x 3) - (10 + 5) - (7 x 2)

ANSWER: RESPIRATION
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 Summary
• There are two types of Cellular Respiration: Aerobic and Anaerobic
• Cellular Respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron
transport. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process. The other two stages are aerobic
processes
• Aerobic Respiration - occurs in the presence of oxygen.
• Anaerobic Respiration one occurs in the absence of oxygen
• Both begin with glycolysis - the splitting of glucose.
• Aerobic respiration is much more efficient, and produces ATP much more quickly, than
anaerobic respiration.
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 Summary
The formula for aerobic respiration is :
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
or
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water + energy

The formula for anaerobic respiration is :

C6H12O6 → C2H5OH + CO2 + energy
or
Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + energy
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Thank you!
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