THE CELL CYCLE

INTERPHASE, MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS

Cells Cells
not dividing During division
 INTERPHASE, MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS

Different cells
loose ability to
divide when
they mature.

Cells age mostly because they lose a bit of their DNA each time they divide. After around
40 or 50 divisions, they lose too much DNA to keep dividing. They've now entered old age.
INTERPHASE, MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS

Long Division
time

In between the
divisions
 INTERPHASE, MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS

Division starts
after interphase
 INTERPHASE, MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS

Mitosis
Cell decides to divide
and it replicates its DNA.
Cytokinesis
Cell splits into two at
the end of this phase

Timing of cell division is

Cell 1 and 2 will have their
controlled by a number of Cell own separate cell cycles.
Genes.
Cycle

Interphase
DNA AND CELL MASS
DURING
THE CELL CYCLE
 INTERPHASE, MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS

Mitosis
Cytokinesis

Cell
Cycle

Interphase
DNA is replicated and now
present two times in mass.
INTERPHASE, MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS

Mass of the cell goes down by half in

cytokinesis because cell has now divided into
two cells.
2
is
Mass of se ti os 3
ea M
Cell i ncr

1
2 Increase in;
3 Size
Organelles
Cell DNA
Cycle
Time
1

1 Cycle
 INTERPHASE, MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS

No increase in DNA replication,

doubling of mass. No more change, cell
mass of DNA is ready to divide
but visible. Cell DNA mass is
back to half as a
G2 result of division
Mass of M
DNA S I
T
G1 O
S
G1 = Cell Growth 2 times
I
S
S = DNA Synthesis DNA Replication takes
place in late interphase.
G2 = Cell Growth - waiting for
Time Protein synthesis occurs
entering into Mitotic phase. throughout the interphase.
 INTERPHASE, MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS

Without cytokinesis a multinucleate cell Two cells identical of the original

is formed. cell, each with their own set of DNA.
CANCER AND THE CELL CYCLE
 CANCER AND THE CELL CYCLE

Cancers are thought to start when changes occur in the genes that control cell division.

A change in any gene is called a mutation.

The particular term for a mutated gene that causes cancer is an oncogene, after the

Greek word ‘onkos’, meaning bulk or mass.

Mutations are not unusual events, and most of the time they don’t lead to cancer.
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMOURS

EXAMPLES;

moles and uterine fibroids

 BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMOURS

Malignant tumours interfere with

the normal functioning of the area where
they have started to grow.
They may block the intestines, lungs or Spread out more
blood vessels.
Less compact
Cells can break off and spread through the
blood and lymphatic system to other parts
of the body to form secondary growths.
The spread of cancers in this way is called
metastasis.
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMOURS
TREATING CANCERS
TREATING CANCERS

Cancerous
Cell
TREATING CANCERS
TREATING CANCERS