Week 4: Cellular Reproduction (Nucleus Focus)

C. Mitosis

Reminder that mitosis occurs after interphase and is one of the key processes during cell
division

Copy of DNA made

via DNA replication
Gap 1 (G1)= Checkpoint #1:
-makes sure cell is large enough and
Gap 2 (G2)= Checkpoint #2
DNA is not damaged
-that DNA not damaged during
replication
 Cells grow
 Organelles double
 Cells make proteins for cell
division

Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides CP#3= Mitosis:

into 2 daughter cells -that chromosomes separated properly
during mitosis

 In Mitosis, the nucleus divides into 2

daughter nuclei

GOAL of MITOSIS:
Mitosis
 To produce an identical copy of a cell
 Mitosis is used for growth and repair of somatic cells
MITOSIS:
- goal/purpose is to produce an identical copy of a cell
- in body, used for growth and repair of somatic cells
- one diploid parent cell produces two daughter cells

PHASE DETAILS IMAGE

 G1 (cell is large & doubled organelles) centromere

Interphase  Synthesis (copy of DNA made via DNA replication)

 Homologous pair of chromosomes copied and ea.
are now composed of 2 sister chromatids that are
joined together at the centromere
 G2 (cells make proteins for cell division

MITOSIS BEGINS (PMAT). There’s a nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin, extra organelles & cell division proteins

 DNA condenses
Prophase  looser chromatin converts to denser coiled
chromosomes
“Pairs  nucleolus disappears
Appear”  spindle begins to assemble (long microtubule that
attaches the chromosomes to the centriole/centrosome

Metaphase  Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell at equator

 Spindle becomes fully developed
“Meet in
Middle”

 Sister chromatids separate at the centromeres and go to

Anaphase opposite poles
 Each pole receives same # of chromosomes as parent
“Apart” cell

 Chromosomes arrive at the poles

Telophase  DNA condenses (coiled chromosomes  chromatin)
 Nuclear membrane reassembles
“Twins”  Nucleoli reappear (now 2)
 Spindle disappear (long microtubules that the
chromosomes attach to centriole/centrosome)
*opposite to Prophase!

 To get rid of 2 nuclei in cells, the final step is to undergo

Cytokinesis cytokinesis
 The cytoplasm and organelles are divided equally among
2 daughter cells
 A cleavage furrow forms that separates the 2 cells