GENERAL BIOLOGY

STEPHANIE NICHOLE IAN A.CASEM(STEM 11-MERCURY)WEEK 6 ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1

ACTIVITY 2A :Directions: Study the given diagram and answer

the table below.
STAGES OF
CELL CYCLE
IMPORTANT EVENTS
G1 is an intermediate phase occupying the
time between the end of cell division in mitosis
G1 and the beginning of DNA replication,the cell
grows in size and synthesizes mRNA and
protein that are required for DNA synthesis
The S phase of a cell cycle occurs during
interphase, before mitosis or meiosis, and is
responsible for the synthesis or replication of

S DNA. In this way, the genetic material of a cell

is doubled before it enters mitosis or meiosis,
allowing there to be enough DNA to be split
into daughter cells the cell synthesizes a
complete copy of the DNA in its nucleus. It also
duplicates a microtubule-organizing structure
called the centrosome. The centrosomes help
separate DNA during M phase
 The last part of interphase is called
the G2 phase. The cell has grown, DNA
G2 has been replicated, and now the cell
is almost ready to divide. This last
stage is all about prepping the cell for
mitosis or meiosis where it organizes
and condenses the genetic material,
or starts to condense the genetic
material, and prepares to divide.

Karyokinesis is mitotic nuclear

division,it is the division of the
nucleus that occurs in four
stages. They are prophase,
metaphase, anaphase and
KARYO- Telophase. During prophase, the
KINESIS chromatin condenses to form
chromosomes. centrioles develop
into asters and move towards the
opposite poles.
Cytokinesis is a division of the
cytoplasm following mitosis that
forms two daughter cells.It
takes place in four stages: initiation,
contraction, membrane insertion and
completion. The events occurring
within these stages differ in animal
CYTOKI- and plant cells.During cytokinesis,
NESIS the cytoplasm splits in two and the
cell divides.
ACTIVITY 2B:Directions: Study the diagram and tell something about it. Write your
answer on the box
MOTHER CELL
TWO DAUGHTER
CELLS

DNA REPLICATION

CELL DIVISION

THE DIAGRAM SHOWS THE CELL CYCLE OF MITOSIS,Mitosis is a process of

nuclear division in eukaryotic cells that occurs when a parent cell divides to
produce two identical daughter cells.Let’s start by looking at a cell right
before it begins mitosis.This cell is in interphase late G2 start
subscript,2,end subscript phase and has already copied its DNA,so the
chromosomes in the nucleus each consist of two connected copies,
called sister chromatids.You can’t see the chromosomes very clearly at this
point,because they are still in their long,stringy,decondensed form.
And as you can see to the second phase the cell starts to break down some
structures and build others up,setting the stage for division of the
chromosomes.The chromosomes start to condense.The mitotic spindle
begins to form.The spindle is a structure made of microtubules strong
fibers that are part of the cell’s skeleton.The spindle grows between the
centrosomes as they move apart.The nucleolus or nucleoli,part of the
nucleus where ribosomes are made,disappears this is a sign that the
nucleus is getting ready to break down.The mitotic spindle begins to capture
and organize the chromosomes.Chromosomes become even more
condensed,so they are very compact.The nuclear envelope breaks
down,releasing the chromosomes.Mitotic spindle grows more and some of
the microtubules start to capture chromosomes.As you can see at the third
picture the spindle has captured all the chromosomes and
lined them up at the middle of the cell,ready to divide.All the chromoso
mes align at the metaphase plate .At this stage,the two kinetochores of
each chromosome should be attached to microtubules from opposite
spindle poles.the sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled
towards opposite ends of the cell.The protein glue that holds the sister
chromatids together is broken down,allowing them to separate.
Each is now its own chromosome. The chromosomes of each pair are pulled
towards opposite ends of the cell.Microtubules not attached to
chromosomes elongate push apart,separating the poles and making the cell
longer.the cell is nearly done dividing,and starts to re-establish its normal
structures as cytokinesis division of the cell contents takes place.The
mitotic spindle is broken down into its building blocks.Two new nuclei
form,one for each set of chromosomes. Nuclear membranes and nucleoli
reappear.The chromosomes begin to decondense and return to their stringy
form.The last stage the cytokinesis finishes,we end up with two new
cells,each with a complete set of chromosomes identical to those of the
mother cell.The daughter cells can now begin their own cellular lives,and
depending on what they decide to be when they grow up may undergo
mitosis themselves, repeating the cycle.