THE CELL

CYCLE
Lesson Outline

Cell Cycle

Interphase

Cell Division
CHARACTERISTICS OF CELL

CELL
All cells are bound by a plasma
membrane.
The interior of all cells consists of
cytoplasm filled with a jelly-like
substance called cytosol. Structures
inside the cell are suspended in the
cytosol.
All living organisms have cells that
contain genetic material (DNA).
Most cells contain ribosomes, which
are structures that combine amino
acids to create proteins.
 WHAT IS CELL CYCLE?

The chromosomes of a cell change their form a they

undergo cell transitions from one stage to another in a
typical cell cycle. The cell cycle may be divided into two
stages: the interphase where the chromosomes are long,
and extended, and are also referred to as chromatin and
the cell division phase where the chromosomes become
condensed or thickened.
Did You Know?
The cell cycle is a four-stage process in
which the cell increases in size (gap 1, or
G1, stage), copies its DNA (synthesis, or S,
stage), prepares to divide (gap 2, or G2,
stage), and divides (mitosis, or M, stage).
The stages G1, S, and G2 make up
interphase, which accounts for the span
between cell divisions. On the basis of
the stimulatory and inhibitory messages
a cell receives, it “decides” whether it
should enter the cell cycle and divide
 INTERPHASE

The interphase refers to the period that follows

one cell division and precedes another. During
this stage, the cell does not divide; it merely
grows. The chromosomes doubles or replicates
ittself because DNA molecule contained in the
chromosome produces an exact copy of itself.
During interphase, the nucleus is invisible as a
distinct membrane-boun organelle. In stained
cells, this membrane can be clearly seen under a
light microscope. One or two nucleoli are visible
inside the nucleus. On the other hand, the
chromosomes cannot be seen. They appear as an
irregular mass that is grainy in appearance
because the DNA they contain is stretched out
thinly in the nucleus. This facilitates the replication
of DNA during the S phase.
 PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE

G1 PHASE G2 PHASE
This stage from the formation of a new The second gap period, falls between
cell until it begins to replicate its DNA . is
the S period and the next division or M
called first gap. It is characterized by
phase. It represents a period of rapid
protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which
cell growth to prepare for cell division.
is synthesized based on the DNA, is used
to synthesize proteins.

S PHASE M PHASE
M phase consists of nuclear division
The middle stage of interphase, called (karyokinesis). It is a relatively short
synthesis stage, is the period of DNA period of the cell cycle. It is complex and
synthesis or replication. The highly regulated. The sequence of events
chromosomes are duplicated in is divided into phases, corresponding to
preparation for the next cell division. the completion of one set of activities
and the start of the next.
 CELL DIVISION

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides

into two daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as
part of a larger cell cycle in which the cell grows and
replicates its chromosome(s) before dividing.
Alternating with the interphase is the cell division phase.
In eukaryotic cells, there are two types of the cell
division: mitosis and meiosis.

 SUMMARY

Cell Cycle
The cell cycle, or
cell-division cycle,
is the series of
events that take
place in a cell that
cause it to divide
into two daughter
cells.
Interpase
The cell cycle is composed of interphase (G₁, S,
and G₂ phases), followed by the mitotic phase
(M) (mitosis and cytokinesis), and G₀ phase.
Cell Division
alternating with the interphase is the cell
division phase.

The cell cycle ends with mitosis. During mitosis, also known as the M phase, the cell splits its DNA
and cellular components (i.e., organelles) into two identical daughter cells.
 QUESTION
1. In this stage is where the
chromosomes become condensed
and thicked.
2. This is the middle stage of the
interphase, called?
3. In this stage, the cell does not
divide; it merely grows. The
chromosomes doubles or replicates
itself.
4.What does RNA means?
5. The phase from the formation of a
new cell until it begins to replicate its
DNA is called?
6. Interphase are also referred to as?
7. This phase represents a period of
rapid cell growth to prepare for cell
division.
8. What does DNA means?
9-10. For 2 points, based on our lesson
what is the cell cycle?
 ANSWER

1. Cell division 5. first gap or G1

2. S or synthesis stage 6. chromatin

3. Interphase 7. second gap period or G2

4. ribonucleic acid 8. deoxyribonucleic acid