Role of Probiotics in Aquaculture

DEPT:OF FISHERY SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE
ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE

DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO
SRI VENKATESWARAUNIVERSITY,TIRUPATI.
FOR THE AWARD OF
MASTER OF SCIENCES
IN
AQUACULTURE
BY
NUTHALAPATI GOPI, MSc
REGD NUM:- 26721062001
DEPARTMENT OF FISHERY SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE
SRI VENKATESWARA UNIVERSITY
TIRUPATI-517502(AP),INDIA.
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SRI VENKATESWARA UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI
ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE
CONTENTS
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I).INTRODUCTION
II).OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
III).MATERIALS AND METHODS
IV).PROBIOTIC ORGANISMS
V).CHARACTERS OF PROBIOTICS
VI).MECHANISM OF PROBIOTICS
VII).TYPES OF PROBIOTICS
VIII).SELECTION OF PROBIOTICS
IX).SOURCES OF PROBIOTICS
X).COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS OF PROBIOTICS
XI).APPLICATION OF PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE
XII).ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE
XII).LIMITATIONS AND PROSPECTUS
XIV).CONCLUSION
I.INTRODUCTION
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*Aquaculture is also known as aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic

organisms such as fish,crustaceans,mollusks, algae and other organisms of value such as aquatic
plants (e.g. lotus).
* Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater , brackish water and saltwater populations under
controlled or semi-natural conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the
harvesting of wild fish.
* expansion of culture area and intensification of culture practices are leading to high stocking
densities.
* The intensification of aquaculture practices has given rise to stressful conditions for both the
aquatic animals and the environment. As a result, disease outbreaks are being progressively
documented as one the most important threats to the aquaculture industry.
*During the last decades, antibiotics used as traditional strategy for fish diseases management and
also for the improvement of growth and efficiency of feed conversion.
* An alternative approach to manage fish and shrimp health, that is fast gaining attention in
aquaculture industry is, “probiotics”, a microbial intervention approach for disease prevention and
control, high survival and growth by enhancing the feed conversion efficiency.
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Definition of probiotics
-> term “probiotic” comes from Greek pro and bios meaning “prolife”
-> Probiotics are live microorganisms promoted with claims that they
provide health benefits when consumed, generally by improving or restoring
the gut flora.
->A more general and common concept of probiotic is “one or more

microorganisms with beneficial effects for the host, able to persist in the
digestive tract because of its tolerance to acid and bile salts”.
->Although the use of probiotics in aquaculture is relatively recent, interest in

them has increased due to their potential in disease control.
II.OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
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1)To alternate for antibiotics.
2)To study probiotic organims.
3)To select suitable probiotics to aqua culture.
4)To review possible applications in aquaculture.
5)To disease resistance and increase production.

6)To apply probiotics in culture ponds.
III.MATERIALS AND METHODS
A)Area selected: Om Aqua farm,Muttayyapalem,Bapatla.
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B)Duration period:25-03-2022 to 30-05-2022(65days)
C)Observed species:- Peneaus monodon.
D)Results and discussion:The results of the study are formulated as….
i)Probiotic organisms
ii)Characters of probiotics
iii)Mechanism
iv)Types of probiotics.
v)Selection of probiotics.
vi) Sources of probiotics.
vii)Preparation
viii) Application
ix)Role in Aquaculture
IV.PROBIOTIC ORGANISMS
Different probiotics have diverse effects. Probiotics in aquaculture are 3 types as
A)Gram positive bacteria,
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B)Gram negative bacteria,

C)Yeast
A)Gram Positive Bacteria

These are classified in the group of Gram-positive bacteria. They usually have no mobility and are nonsporulating bacteria that produce
lactic acid.
Examples for gram positve bacteria are….
1.Carno bactetia
2.Lactococcus spp.
3.Leuconostoc spp.
4.Pediococcus spp.
5.Enterococcus spp.
6.Vagococcus spp.
7.Clostrudium spp.
8.Micrococcus spp.
9.Rhodococcus spp.
10.Kocuria etc…..
B)Gram negative bacteria

Examples for gram negative bacteria are…….
1..Pseudomonas spp.
2.Aeromonas spp.
3.shewanella spp.
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4.Enterobacter spp.
5.Vibrio spp.
6.Flavo bacterium. Etc………
C)Yeast
Yeasts are unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms that are taxonomically placed within the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota within the
Kingdom Fungi .
Examples of Probiotic Yeast Organisms are……
1.Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
2.Saccharomyces boulardii.
3.Phaffia rhodozyma.
4.Phaffia mazatlania.
5.Yorrowia lipolytica.
6.Yorrowia ruckeria etc……….
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V.CHARACTERS OF PROBIOTICS
Efficient probiotics must be
(a) resistant to pH and bile acids,

(b) have no pathogenicity,
(c) be viable,
(d) be stable in storage and in field,
(e) survive and potentially colonize in the gut,
(f) be cultivable on a large scale,
(g) be able to adhere to the epithelial lining of the gut, and
(h) affect host animals beneficially.
(i)cost affordable.
(j)can be survive for long periods.
(k)easy to handle.
(l)can be induce immunogenicity of fish.
(m)can be applicable in multiple methods.
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VI.MECHANISM OF PROBIOTICS
1.Competitive exclusion: Bacterial antagonism is a common phenomenon in nature;
therefore, microbial interactions play a major role in the equilibrium between competing
beneficial and potentially pathogenic microorganisms.
2.Source of nutrients and enzymatic contribution to digestion:Microorganisms have a

beneficial effect in the digestive processes of aquatic animals.
3.Influence on water quality: Improved water quality has especially been associated with
Bacillus sp. The rationale is that gram-positive bacteria are better enhancers of water quality.
4.Enhancement of the immune response:The non-specific immune system can be stimulated

by probiotics. It has been demonstrated that oral administration of Clostridium butyricum
bacteria to rainbow trout enhanced the resistance of fish to vibriosis, by increasing the
phagocytic activity of Leucocytes
5.Antiviral effects: Some bacteria used as candidate probiotics have antiviral effects.
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VII.TYPES OF PROBIOTICS
Probiotics are different types on 2 bases. These 2 bases are as follows
1)Based on location
2)Based on physical state
1)Based on location:-
Based on location of probiotics organisms and their application methods probiotics are categorized into 4
types as….
A)Gut probiotics.
B)Food probiotics.
C)Water probiotics.
D)Soil probiotics.
2)Based on physical state:-

Based on physical state of probioticsthey are 2 types as follows….
A)Solid probiotics.
B)Liquid probiotics.
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VIII.SELECTION OF PROBIOTICS
The methods to select probiotic bacteria for use in aquaculture include:
(i) collection of background information;
(ii) acquisition of potential probiotics;
(iii) evaluation of the ability of potential probiotics to out-compete pathogenic

strains
(iv) assessment of the pathogenicity of the potential probiotics;
(v) evaluation of the effect of the potential probiotics in the host;
(vi) economic cost/benefit analysis.
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IX.SOURCES OF PROBIOTICS
There are different sources of probiotics in aquaculture,the source of probiotics are categorized into 3 classes. The classes of
sources of probiotics are as follows….
A)Host derrived probiotic sources:

Host derrived probiotic sources are nothing but the probiotics that are isolated from host organisms.Simply it is
said that in thks type of probiotic sources probiotics are isolated from hostorganisms gut and used to apply in aquaculture.
B)Food sources of probiotics:
The food sources of probiotics contain food items or feed stuffs.The feed stuffs which contain probiotics may be
vegetable items ,agricultural products, or meat products.Sometimes plant enzymes are also used as probiotics as they contain
different microorganisms. Probiotics in different food sources may contain Lactic acid bacteria,Bacillus
spp.,E.coli,Streptococcous and other probiotic organisms.
C)Culture Sources:
Culture sources are the probiotic sources that are isolated probiotic organisms and cultured in vitro conditions.Under
suitable conditions and in suitable nutrienf medium probiotic organisms are cultured, collected and purified then used in
aquaculture.From this source purified and good quality probiotics are obtained and high amounts of probiotics also obtained
from this method.But this is the cost intensified and experienced person required method.So this type of probiotic sources are
lessly used in aquaculture.
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X.COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS OF PROBIOTICS

There are different types of commercial probiotic preparations.The common commercial preparation methods for
probiotics are as follows…..
1.Mixed culture: In mixed culture,two or more different types of probiotic organisms are culture in suitable
medium under controlled conditions commercially.In this method the pure and high/large quantities of probiotics are
obtained and processed.The processed probiotics are then utilized in aaquacultureIt is performed in commercial
laboratories.
2.Biostart: It is also said as mixing of fermentation and pressure drying.It is the ideal blend of fernented extract.
3)Extrusion: Extrusion is a process where a material undergoes plastic deformation by the application of a force
causing that material to flow through an orifice or die. The material adopts the cross-sectional profile of the die and if
the material has suitable properties, that shape is retained in the final extrudate
4)Spray drying:Spray drying is a method of producing a dry powder from a liquid or slurry by rapidly drying
with a hot gas. This is the preferred method of drying of many thermally-sensitive materials such as foods or
materials which may require extremely consistent, fine, particle size. Air is the heated drying medium; however, if
the liquid is a flammable solvent such as ethanol or the product is oxygen-sensitive then nitrogen is used.
5)Lyophilization:Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation, is a low

temperature dehydration process that involves freezing the product, lowering pressure, then removing the ice
by sublimation. This is in contrast to dehydration by most conventional methods that evaporate water using
heat.Because of the low temperature used in processing the quality of the rehydrated product is excellent.
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Preparation of probiotics is based on following factors….
1)Application method
2)Species to be cultured.
3)Type Of culture.
4)Cost factor.
5) Marketing value. Etc…
Cost & storage of probiotics:-

Cost:- The price of different probiotics ranged between Rs. 145 per kilogram and Rs. 7000 per
kilogram. The cost per application dose of probiotic per hectare pond ranged between Rs. 363 and
Rs. 7875 with a mean cost of Rs. 2405 plus or minus 1527 per dose per hectare pond area.
Storage:- Many factors affect the survival rate of probiotics, including the moisture content,
temperature, and pH of their environment Certain strains are strains, such as those in the Bacillus
genus, can withstand harsh environmental factors more easily and are considered more stable.
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XI.APPLICATION OF PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE

Probiotics in aquaculture can be applied in different methods they are as
follows…….
1)Applied through feed.
2)Applied by injection.
3)Applied with immersion/bath.
4)Applied directly to pond.
All these methods are applied on basis of different factors such as….
i)Type of probiotic product
ii)pond condition
iii)Dosage to be apply etc…..
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XII.ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE

Probiotics paly an important role in aquaculture,they are the best
alternative to antibiotics. The major role of probiotics in aquaculture is as
follows…..
1.Growth promoter.
2.Inhibition of pathogens.
3.Improvement of nutrient digestion.
4.Improvement of water quality.
5.Stress tolerance.
6.Effect on reproduction of aquatic species.
7.Effect on phytoplankton.
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XII.LIMITATIONS AND PROSPECTUS
Some limitations of probiotics are……
1.Less effective on some species like Sturgeons.
2.No longevity of ptotection.
3.Lack of knowledge about probiotics.

4.Requirement of experts.
5.Some time cost also.
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XIV.CONCLUSION
Probiotics application in selected area are less amounts when compared to

theoretical approach because of it`s high cost and less awareness in
farmers.They prefer antibiotics rather than probiotics, however, they also
using probiotics in little amounts. The probiotics used are Feed probiotics and
water probiotics only. There is no injection of probiotics and soil probiotics
usage.
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THANKYOU
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Role of Probiotics in Aquaculture

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DEPT:OF FISHERY SCIENCE AND AQUACULTURE

ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE

FOR THE AWARD OF

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERY SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE

SRI VENKATESWARA UNIVERSITY

ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE

*Aquaculture is also known as aquafarming, is the controlled cultivation ("farming") of aquatic

->A more general and common concept of probiotic is “one or more

->Although the use of probiotics in aquaculture is relatively recent, interest in

1)To alternate for antibiotics.

2)To study probiotic organims.

3)To select suitable probiotics to aqua culture.

4)To review possible applications in aquaculture.

5)To disease resistance and increase production.

B)Duration period:25-03-2022 to 30-05-2022(65days)

C)Observed species:- Peneaus monodon.

D)Results and discussion:The results of the study are formulated as….

B)Gram negative bacteria,

A)Gram Positive Bacteria

Examples for gram positve bacteria are….

B)Gram negative bacteria

(a) resistant to pH and bile acids,

2.Source of nutrients and enzymatic contribution to digestion:Microorganisms have a

4.Enhancement of the immune response:The non-specific immune system can be stimulated

2)Based on physical state:-

The methods to select probiotic bacteria for use in aquaculture include:

(i) collection of background information;

(ii) acquisition of potential probiotics;

(iii) evaluation of the ability of potential probiotics to out-compete pathogenic

(iv) assessment of the pathogenicity of the potential probiotics;

(v) evaluation of the effect of the potential probiotics in the host;

(vi) economic cost/benefit analysis.

A)Host derrived probiotic sources:

B)Food sources of probiotics:

X.COMMERCIAL PREPARATIONS OF PROBIOTICS

5)Lyophilization:Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization or cryodesiccation, is a low

Preparation of probiotics is based on following factors….

5) Marketing value. Etc…

Cost & storage of probiotics:-

XI.APPLICATION OF PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE

1)Applied through feed.

3)Applied with immersion/bath.

4)Applied directly to pond.

i)Type of probiotic product

iii)Dosage to be apply etc…..

XII.ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE

XII.LIMITATIONS AND PROSPECTUS

Some limitations of probiotics are……

1.Less effective on some species like Sturgeons.

2.No longevity of ptotection.

3.Lack of knowledge about probiotics.

5.Some time cost also.

Probiotics application in selected area are less amounts when compared to

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