The Mughal

Empire

Presentation by
Maria Khan(7-A)
 introduction to the presentation

 The Mughal empire,

 The Mughal dynasty was founded in1526 when ‘Babur,’ a central Asian
Muslim prince(the Mughals were mostly Turks), followed the example of his
ancestor ‘Timur’ and invaded the land he knew as Hindustan(the Indian
sub-continent).The Mughal began to rule parts of India from 1526, and by
1707 ruled most of the sub-continent. After that they declined rapidly,but
nominally ruled territories until the 1800s.
 BABUR
THE FIRST
MUGHAL
EMPEROR
 Babur the first Mughal emperor was born in 1483 in
Central Asia. Eldest son of Umer Sheikh Mirza
descendant of Timur and Changez Khan . Babur inherited
the small kingdom of Farghana at a very young age.
Defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat in
1526 and established the Mughal dynasty.in 1520s he
defeated Rana Sanga, Medini Rai and Muhammad
Lodhi .In 1530 he died at Agra ,his tomb is in Kabul.
 HAMAYUN
THE SECOND
MUGHAL
EMPEROR
Humayun was the son Babur the first mughal emporer.After
Babur died Humayun become the second mughal emporer
in 1531 and ruled till 1556.He was not as skilled of a
warrrior as his father Babur.Humayun’s biggest enemy
would be Sher Shah Suri(who used to be a ordinary soldier
called Farid Khan),he was defeated by Sher Shah Suri in
bengal.In 1542 his son Akbar was born.In 1545 Humayun
retook Kabul,due to Sher Shah Suri’s heirs weakness
Humayun successfully took back his lost empire in the
battle of Sirhind in 1555.The second Mughal emperor died
in 1556 due to a tragic accident.
AKBAR THE
THIRD
MUGHAL
EMPEROR
 Akbar was the third Mughal Emperor , after the death of his
father Humayun .since Akbar was still young , he was
entrusted in the hands of Bairam Khan until he was able to
rule by himself.Under the reign of Akbar more places came
into the hands of the mughals like Northern
India,Rajputana,Gujarat,Bengal.Akbar had a control over a
very strong empire by 1575.As Akbar was concerned about
the justice of his rule over mughal empire , he changed some
of the taxation policies that had previously been used.Non
muslims were allowed to not pay the jizya tax, no payments
were allowed to be taken from pilgrims going to hindu
shrines.The tax system was now based on crops and
land.Akbar married a hindu Rajput princess,Johda Bai.She
was given the title of “Mariam-uz-Zamani”.
JAHANGIR THE
FOURTH
MUGHAL
EMPEROR
 father was a follower of the Sufi Saint Salim Chisti of Sikri .
The name Jahangir means world conqueror . He was trained
by his father and was well versed in kingship . Jahangir had
mastered many languages like Arabic, Persian ,and Turkish at
a very young age . He wrote “Tuzk-e-Jahangiri’ which had
recorded interesting incidents and his observations of people
he met and the places he travelled.Jahagir was a fair ruler , he
had set a ‘chain of justice’ for his people outside his castle in
Agra.The chain was eighty feet long and had sixty bells
attached to it , only the people who had been wrong could
struck it.He brought Bengal , Mewar , Ahmadnagar , and
Kangar under mughal rule.Jahangir’s wife Nur Jahan was
persian by birth , and her real name was Meherunnisa.She
was given the name Nur Jahan by her beloved husband
Jahangir.She was strong women and was known to hunt
tigers . Nur Jahan was Jahangir’s favourite wife.And like that
SHAH JAHAN
THE FIFTH
MUGHAL
EMPEROR
 Shah Jahan the fourth Mughal Emperor was the son of
Jahangir and Nur Jahan , he was born in the year 1592 in
lahore.Shah Jahan is most famous for the architecture he had
built during his reign like Taj Mahal , Moti Masjid(Pearl
mosque) in Agra and the Jami Masjid and Red Fort in
Delhi.Taj Mahal was built in the loving memory of his wife
Mumtaz Mahal , who had died at a very young age in
1631.He died in 1666 after being imprisoned by his own son
Aurangzeb for eight years and falling grievely ill.
AURANGZEB
THE SIXTH
MUGHAL
EMPEROR
 Aurangzeb the son of Shah Jahan was born in 1618 in
Dahod ,India . Aurangzeb ruled for forty-nine years over a
population of 150 million people he extended the Mughal
empire to its greatest extent, subsuming most of the Indian
sub-continent under a single imperial power for the first
time In human history. he was also hated by many of the
Indians one of the reasons being his interference in religious
policies also the military at the time had weakened and were
at their lowest because of the constant wars e.g being in war
with the Marathas for 25 years. Thus when the British
entered they saw the weakened empire and therefore took
over the empire and this led to the decline of the Mughal
empire.
THE END