GCSE

HISTORY
PREVIOUS EXAM
PAPERS
Including 2019

PUPIL BOOKLET
 CRIME: 1000-1500
1. Crime against the Person P. 1 2. Crime against Property P. 1

3. Crime against Authority P. 1 4. Outlaws

Any man who tried to avoid trial and
punishment by running away was declared an
outlaw – Outlaw gangs often set themselves
up in forests and committed serious crimes.

5. Forest Laws/Poaching P. 1-2 6. Statute of Labourers

This was a law passed by Parliament in 1351 after
the Black Death. It introduced a maximum wage
for workers and made it a crime to ask for more
or move to a new area in search of higher wages.
This was an attempt to protect the ruling classes.

CRIME: 1500-1700
19. Treason (Gunpowder Plot) P. 11 20. Poaching P. 7

21. Vagrancy P. 8 22. Heresy P. 7

2018 (Q4)
Explain why there were new definitions of crimes against authority in the
years c1000-c1700. You may use the following in your answer: - poaching -
heresy. You must also use information of your own. (12)
23. Smuggling P. 8 24. Witchcraft P. 8
 CRIME: 1700-1900
37. Highway Robbery P. 13 38. The Black Act P. 13

39. Smuggling P. 13 40. Tolpuddle Martyrs P. 14

41. Witchcraft Decriminalised P.14 42. Professional Gangs P. 13

CRIME: 1900-PRESENT
55. Conscientious Objectors P. 23 56. Similar Crimes-New Methods
P. 19
Sample (Q3)
Explain one way in which smuggling in Britain during the eighteenth
century was similar to smuggling during the twentieth century. (4)
57. Women P. 20 58. Hate Crime P. 20

59. Racism P. 20 60. Drugs P. 20

Specimen (Q4)
Explain why new crimes were defined in the period from C1900 to the
present day. You may use the following in your answer: - driving offences –
race crimes. You must also use information of your own. (12)
 LAW ENFORCEMENT: 1000-1500
7. Tithing P. 3 8. Hue and Cry P. 3
Sample (Q5/6)
The role of local communities was the most important factor affecting law
enforcement during the Middle Ages. How far do you agree? You may use the
following in your answer: - tithings – trial by ordeal . You must also use information of
your own.(16)
9. Shire Reeve P. 3-4 10. Trial by Ordeal/Combat P. 6/4

11. Justice of the Peace P. 4 12. Assize of Clarendon

Henry II introduced reforms to crime and
punishment. In 1166, he reorganised the courts
and set up prisons for those who were accused
and awaiting trial. These changes were known as
the Assize of Clarendon.

LAW ENFORCEMENT: 1500-1700

25. Hue and Cry P. 9 26. Secular Courts P. 9

27. Town Constables P. 9 28. Night Watchmen P. 9

Specimen (Q5/6)
The role of religion was the main reason why there were changes in the number of
accusations of witchcraft in the early modern period (c1500-c1700). How far do you
agree? You may use the following in your answer: - religious beliefs – Matthew
Hopkins. You must also use information of your own. (16)
29. Thief Takers 30. Matthew Hopkins P. 12
A thief-taker was a private individual hired to
capture criminals. The Thief Taker General,
Jonathan Wild, was known for organising
robberies, then benefiting from returning the
stolen goods to the victims.
 LAW ENFORCEMENT: 1700-1900
43. Bow Street Runners P. 15 44. Metropolitan Police P. 15/18
2018 (Q5/6)
The work of the Fielding brothers led to a great improvement in law enforcement in
the years c1500-c1900. How far do you agree? You may use the following in your
answer: - town watchmen – the Bow Street Runners. You must also use information
of your own.(16)
45. Police Act P. 15 46. Robert Peel P. 18

47. National Crime Records 48. CID P. 15

A record of anybody who has a criminal
record. This can be used by the police and
other organisations to support their
investigations.

LAW ENFORCEMENT: 1900-NOW

61. Neighbourhood Watch P. 21 62. Technology P. 21
Specimen (Q3)
Explain one way in which law enforcement in the medieval period (c1000-
c1500) was different from law enforcement during the modern period
(c1900-present). (4)
63. Finger Prints P. 21 64. Fraud Squad
An example of how the police developed
specialist units to tackle specific crimes.
Set up in 1946 to tackle crime in business
and the stock market.

65. Police National Computer 66. National Crime Agency P. 21

Launched in 1980 it is capable of
holding the records of 25 million
individuals.
 PUNISHMENT: 1000-1500
13. Wergild P. 5 14. Stocks and Pillory P. 5

15. Capital Punishment P. 5 16. Corporal Punishment P. 5

17. Murdrum Fine P. 2 18. Hung drawn & quartered

Punishment for those convicted of high treason (1352)
The traitor was hanged, disembowelled,  beheaded,
and quartered. As an attack on the monarch's authority,
high treason was considered a deplorable act demanding
the most extreme form of punishment.

PUNISHMENT: 1500-1700
31. Recant 32. Stocks and Pillory P. 10
A public statement that you have changed
your religious beliefs – This was an
alternative to being burnt at the stake for
the crime of heresy

33. Branding and Whipping P. 8 34. Houses of Correction

The first purposeful prison designed as a
punishment for poor people opened in 1556 in
London and was known as Bridewell prison.
Inmates did hard labour to pay for their keep.
Similar prisons opened up across the country

35. Transportation (America) P. 10 36. The Bloody Code P. 10

Sample (Q5/6)
The main purpose of punishment during the period c1000-c1700 was to deter people
from committing crimes. How far do you agree? You may use the following in your
answer: - corporal punishment – the introduction of transportation. You must also
use information of your own.(16)
 PUNISHMENT: 1700-1900
49. Transportation (Australia) P. 16 50. The Bloody Code P. 16
Specimen (Q5/6)
The use of public execution remained an important feature of the penal system in the
years c1500-c1900. How far do you agree? You may use the following in your answer:
- Gunpowder Plotters - Transportation. You must also use information of your own.
(16)
51. Pentonville Prison P. 17 52. Penal Reform P. 18

53. Robert Peel P. 18 54. Fry and Howard P. 18

Sample (Q4)
Explain why there were changes in the prison system in the period c1700-
c1900. You may use the following in your answer: - John Howard – hard
labour. You must also use information of your own. (12)
PUNISHMENT: 1900-NOW
67. Rehabilitation P. 22 68. Open Prisons P. 22
2018 (Q5/6)
The establishment of Pentonville prison was a turning point in the use of prisons in
the years c1700-present. How far do you agree? You may use the following in your
answer: - the separate systems – open prisons. You must also use information of your
own.(16)
69. ASBO P. 22 70. Young People P. 22
2018 (Q3)
Explain one way in which the nature of punishment during the years
c1500-c1700 was different from the nature of punishment in the period
c1900-present. (4)
71. Community Service P. 22 72. Derek Bentley/Death Penalty
P. 24
1
The East End
P. 26

2
Metropolitan
Police P. 25

3
Home Secretary
P. 25

4
Sir Charles
Warren P. 25

5
Bloody Sunday
P. 25
6
CID P. 25

7 Police headquarters
Scotland Yard

8
Housing P. 26

Sample (Q1)
Describe two features of
9 accommodation for the poorer
Lodging people in the Whitechapel area (4)
House P. 26

10 A law which allowed councils to

Artisans’ clear slums and build better
Dwelling Act homes for working families.
1875
11
George
Peabody P. 26

12
Prostitution
P. 28

13
Poverty P. 26

14
Unemployment
P. 26

15
Sweated Trades
P. 26-27
16
Workhouse
P. 26
2018 (Q1)
Describe two features of life in the
Whitechapel workhouses (4)
17
Alcohol 2018 (Q2a)
P. 28 How useful are Sources A and B for an
enquiry into the problems facing
immigrants in the Whitechapel area (8)
18 A place where the drug opium was sold and
smoked. Despite the name, the places could
Opium Den vary in appearance from an elegant bar
room to a dark cellar.

19 Extravagant, richly decorated gas-lit shop

selling gin across a counter. Gin was cheaply
Gin Palace available, potent alcohol, popular with the
poor. The light and splendour made a stark
contrast with the dark, dirty streets.

20
Immigrants 2018 (Q2a)
P. 27 How could you follow up Source B to find
out more about the problems facing
immigrants in the Whitechapel area? (8)
21
Fenians P. 27

22
Anti-Semitism
P. 27

23
Navvies P. 26

24
Anarchists P. 27

25
Socialists P. 27
26
H division P. 28
Specimen (Q1b)
Describe two features of the
policing system in Whitechapel.
27
Rookeries (4)
P. 26/28 Sample (Q2a)
How useful are Sources A and B for an
enquiry into the effectiveness of the
28 police in Whitechapel. (8)
Beat Constable
P. 28
Sample (Q2b)
How could you follow up Source A to find
out more about the effectiveness of the
29 police in Whitechapel? (4)
Gangs P. 28
Specimen (Q2a)
How useful are Sources A and B for an
enquiry into violent crime in the
Whitechapel area. (8)
30
Protection Specimen (Q2b)
Racket P. 28 How could you follow up Source A to find
out more about violent crime in the
Whitechapel area? (4)
31
Jack the Ripper
P. 29

32
Police Rivalry
P. 29

33
Vigilance
Committee
P. 28

34 The police were not allowed to offer money

as a reward for information concerning Jack
Soup Kitchen the Ripper as it might attract time wasters
but local police encouraged poor people to
come forward as witnesses by promising a
hot meal.

35
Bertillon System
P. 29
36 E.g. A local newspaper
Local Sources

37 E.g. A national newspaper

National
Sources

38
Usefulness:
Content

39 Nature – What is it?

Usefulness: Origin – Who wrote/produced it?
Provenance Purpose – Why was it
written/produced?

40
Usefulness:
Context(Own
Knowledge)
 QUESTION 1

Sample (Q1)
Describe two features of
accommodation for the poorer
people in the Whitechapel area (4)

Specimen (Q1)
Describe two features of the
policing system in Whitechapel.
(4)

2018 (Q1)
Describe two features of life in the
Whitechapel workhouses (4)
 QUESTION 2a

Sample (Q2a)
How useful are Sources A and B for an
SOURCES
enquiry into the effectiveness of the
police in Whitechapel. (8)

Specimen (Q2a)
How useful are Sources A and B for an
SOURCES
enquiry into violent crime in the
Whitechapel area. (8)

2018 (Q2a)
How useful are Sources A and B for an
SOURCES
enquiry into the problems facing
immigrants in the Whitechapel area (8)
Sample (Q2a)
How useful are Sources A and B for an
enquiry into the effectiveness of the
police in Whitechapel. (8)

2a

2b
Specimen (Q2a)
How useful are Sources A and B for
an enquiry into violent crime in the
Whitechapel area. (8)

2a

2b
2018 (Q2a)
How useful are Sources A and B for an
enquiry into the problems facing
immigrants in the Whitechapel area (8)

2a

2b
 QUESTION 2b

Sample (Q2b)
How could you follow up Source A to find SOURCES
out more about the effectiveness of the
police in Whitechapel? (4)

Specimen (Q2b)
How could you follow up Source A to find
SOURCES
out more about violent crime in the
Whitechapel area? (4)

2018 (Q2a)
How could you follow up Source B to find
SOURCES
out more about the problems facing
immigrants in the Whitechapel area? (8)
 QUESTION 3

Sample (Q3)
Explain one way in which smuggling in Britain during the eighteenth
century was similar to smuggling during the twentieth century. (4)

Specimen (Q3)
Explain one way in which law enforcement in the medieval period (c1000-
c1500) was different from law enforcement during the modern period
(c1900-present). (4)

2018 (Q3)
Explain one way in which the nature of punishment during the years
c1500-c1700 was different from the nature of punishment in the period
c1900-present. (4)
 QUESTION 4

Sample (Q4)
Explain why there were changes in the prison system in the period c1700-
c1900. You may use the following in your answer: - John Howard – hard
labour. You must also use information of your own. (12)

Specimen (Q4)
Explain why new crimes were defined in the period from C1900 to the
present day. You may use the following in your answer: - driving offences –
race crimes. You must also use information of your own. (12)

2018 (Q4)
Explain why there were new definitions of crimes against authority in the
years c1000-c1700. You may use the following in your answer: - poaching -
heresy. You must also use information of your own. (12)
 QUESTION 5/6

Sample (Q5/6)
The role of local communities was the most important factor affecting law enforcement
during the Middle Ages. How far do you agree? You may use the following in your answer: -
tithings – trial by ordeal. You must also use information of your own.(16)
Sample (Q5/6)
The main purpose of punishment during the period c1000-c1700 was to deter people from
committing crimes. How far do you agree? You may use the following in your answer: -
corporal punishment – the introduction of transportation. You must also use information of
your own.(16)
Specimen (Q5/6)
The use of public execution remained an important feature of the penal system in the years
c1500-c1900. How far do you agree? You may use the following in your answer: -
Gunpowder Plotters - Transportation. You must also use information of your own. (16)
Specimen (Q5/6)
The role of religion was the main reason why there were changes in the number of
accusations of witchcraft in the early modern period (c1500-c1700). How far do you agree?
You may use the following in your answer: - religious beliefs – Matthew Hopkins. You must
also use information of your own. (16)
2018 (Q5/6)
The work of the Fielding brothers led to a great improvement in law enforcement in the
years c1500-c1900. How far do you agree? You may use the following in your answer: - town
watchmen – the Bow Street Runners. You must also use information of your own.(16)

2018 (Q5/6)
The establishment of Pentonville prison was a turning point in the use of prisons in the years
c1700-present. How far do you agree? You may use the following in your answer: - the
separate systems – open prisons. You must also use information of your own.(16)
 MARK-SCHEMES

CLICK
SAMPLE
mark-scheme

CLICK
SPECIMEN
mark-scheme

CLICK
2018
mark-scheme
 35
Bertillon System
 1-3
Crime against the
person, property and
authority