POPULATION

ECOLOGY

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GLOBAL WARMING
CANCER
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Hapag ng Pagasa – Joey Velasco

Hele
Kevin Carter
 Rhacophorus rizali - toad

Draco rizali- flying dragon Apogonia rizali - bettle

Makahiya- Mimosa pudica
Venus flytrap - Dionaea muscipula J.Ellis
Rafflesia arnoldii (corpse flower)
 Veg-01 – Lettuce in Space
The first pillows were activated,
watered and cared for by Expedition
39 flight engineer and NASA astronaut
Steve Swanson in May 2014. After 33
days of growth, the plants were
harvested and returned to Earth last
October. Back on the ground, the
lettuce leaves went through food safety
analysis at the Kennedy Space Center
in Florida. [
Space Food Photos: What Astronauts E
at
]
Vertical Gardening
Vertical Gardening
Aquaponics
Hydroponics
Vigna radiata Wil. – Mung Bean
Root nodules - Rhizobium

Vigna radiata Wil. – Mung Bean

Crop Rotation
3 Levels of Biodiversity
3. Ecosystem Diversity –
measure of the number of
different kinds of ecosystems

2. Species diversity – measure

of the number of different
species

1. Genetic Diversity – sum of

all genetic information in the
genes
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Population Ecology
 Ecological Pyramids

Ecological Pyramid – a diagram representing the relationships of the

number of organisms, energy levels, and biomass of an ecosystem
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Population Ecology
 Ecological Succession

Ecological Succession refers to the sequence of community and

ecosystem changes after a disturbance, overtime;
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Population Ecology
 Primary Succession

Primary Succession – occurs where no soil exists in the beginning;

pioneer organisms (e.g. lichens) are the foundation of the community
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Population Ecology
 Pioneer Organisms
Pioneer organisms can
tolerate extreme
conditions: hot and cold;
dry and wet.

Moss, dune grass, and

lichens are pioneer
organisms.

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Pioneer Organisms

Lichens
Fungus+ Alga

Bioindicators
of Air
Pollution

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 Climax Succession

The climax community

in New York State is an
oak-hickory forest or a
maple-beech forest.

Climax Succession – The final stage of succession

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 Ecological Succession

Secondary Succession – occurs in an area where soil remains after a

disturbance
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Population Ecology
 Ecological Succession
•When a community is
disrupted and
succession occurs again,
it is called secondary
succession.
•Disruption may be
from fire, farming, wind,
foresting

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Population Ecology
• POPULATION ECOLOGY –
study of populations in
relation to the environment
including environmental
influences on density and
distribution, age structure,
and population size
• POPULATION – group of
individuals of a single
species living in the same
area
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Population Ecology
 Population Dispersion

• Dispersion – pattern of spacing among the individuals within the

boundaries of the population
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Population Ecology
 Population Dispersion

• Clumped – individuals aggregate in patches; influenced by resource

availability and behavior
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Population Ecology
 Population Dispersion

• Uniform – individuals are evenly distributed; influenced by social

interactions (Territoriality)
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Population Ecology
 Population Dispersion

• Random – the position of individuals is independent of other

individuals; occurs in the absence of strong attractions or repulsions
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Population Ecology
 Population Demographics

Population Change = (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)

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Population Ecology
Types of Population Growth

• Exponential growth
 a constant increase in the
number of population
• Logistic Growth
 the growth rate decreases
with increasing number of
organisms, until it becomes
zero when the population
reaches its carrying capacity
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Population Ecology
Survivorship Curve
• Type I: low death rates during
early and middle life, then an
increase among older age
groups
• Type II: the death rate is
constant over the organism’s
life span
• Type III: high death rates for
the young, then a slower
death rate for survivors
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Population Ecology
 Carrying Capacity

Carrying capacity is the maximum population size the environment

can support CDADeLeon_Sci10_Molecular Genetics, Evolution, and
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Carrying Capacity

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Population Ecology
Limiting Factors & Population Density

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Population Ecology
Limiting Factors & Population Density

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Population Ecology
Effects of Population Growth

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Effects of Population Growth

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53
Filipino artist AG Sano has pledged to paint 23,000 dolphins on the streets of the Philippines
to protest dolphin hunts in Taiji, Japan.
Feb. 14, 1990, This narrow-angle color image
of the Earth s a part of the first ever
"portrait" of the solar system taken by
Voyager 1. The spacecraft acquired a total of
60 frames for a mosaic of the solar system
from a distance of more than 4 billion miles
from Earth and about 32 degrees above the
ecliptic.