Using and

Integrating
Sources
Using Your Sources

• The sources you select should be used

to back up a claim you are making.
Gendered marketing is bad for young women because
it affects their development through sexualized images
of women. A recent study from the American
Psychological Association cites advertising as one of the
forms of media that affects “a variety of [young
women’s] domains including cognitive functioning,
physical and mental health, sexuality, and attitudes and
beliefs” (271).
Therefore…

• In each paragraph, you should have several quotes

from your sources.

• These should certainly support the claims you are

making in the paper, but they should not make your
claim for you.

• In other words, if you say gendered marketing is

good because it increases profits, then your
sources should demonstrate that profit through
statistics, market studies, etc.
Ways to Integrate

• Direct Quote – quoting words

directly from the text.

• Paraphrase – using your own words

to fairly summarize what an author
has written.
 Signal Phrase
Helps an author avoid dropping quotes in the text, and
allows the author to smoothly transition to a quote or
paraphrase.

• According to __(author’s name)_ , . . .

•

• In _(author’s name)’s view, . . .

• In _(“article title”)__, _(author’s name)_ states that . . .

• The author points out that . . . . She [he] also stresses

that . . .
 Some helpful verbs…
Acknowledges Replies Cautions
Continues Explains Notes
Remarks Claims Finds
Observes Reports Compares
Demonstrates Identifies Offers
Says Illustrates Points out
Concedes Implies Shows
Announces Concludes Indicates
Answers Insists Presents
States Suggests Proposes
Asserts Emphasizes Elaborates
Mentions Writes Adds
Direct Quotation

In the 1937 introduction to Djuna Barnes’s

Nightwood, T.S. Eliot writes that amongst the
novel’s ambiguous, poetic prose, Robin Vote is
“the most puzzling of all, because we find her
quite real without understanding the means by
which the author has made her so” (xiv).
Direct Quotation

Robin Vote is “the most puzzling of all” T.S. Eliot

writes “because we find her quite real without
understanding the means by which the author
has made her so” (xiv).
Direct Quotation

Robin Vote is “the most puzzling of all, because

we find her quite real without understanding the
means by which the author has made her so,”
T.S. Eliot writes in his 1937 introduction to Djuna
Barnes’s Nightwood, (xiv).
Paraphrase

“And this is what I mean by the social function of poetry in its

largest sense: that it does, in proportion to its excellence and
vigour, affect the speech and sensibility of the whole nation.”
-T.S. Eliot “The Social Function of Poetry” pg 12
_______________________________________________

In ”The Social Function of Poetry” T.S. Eliot asserts that poetry has
the ability to modify the speech and culture of the nation,
proportionate to its effectiveness as a poem (12).
Modifying Quotes
Indicate changes with brackets!
Use the ellipsis to indicate removed words!

“And this is what [Eliot] mean[s] by the social function of

poetry … that it does, in proportion to its excellence and
vigour, affect the speech and sensibility of the whole
nation.”
-T.S. Eliot “The Social Function of Poetry” pg 12

Don’t forget to accurately represent the author’s ideas!

Quotations Within a Quote

In contrast, to constitute an object

longitudinally in time is to recognize “the linear
flow of now points, that is, of the ‘differences’
in the temporal flow” (62).
Block Quotation
O’Connor describes Robin’s lapse into anonymity by discussing
the death of his brother:
‘My brother, whom I had not seen in four years, and
loved the most of all, died, and who was it but me my mother
wanted to talk to? Not those who had seen him last, but me
who had seen him best, as if my memory of him were himself;
and because you forget Robin the best, it’s to you she turns.’
(Barnes 153)

• No quotations
• Citation is outside of the period
• Block quote is indented twice