Flight planning for

orthophotos and
their application
By:- ANAND YADAV
 Introduction
• An Orthophoto,Orthophotograph or
Orthoimage is an aerial photograph
geometrically corrected such that the scale is
uniform.
• It is actual represtation of the ground.
• They do not have tilt scale and relief
displacement.
• They have one scale.
 Cont..
• It is easy to interpretate.
• Orthophoto make excellent base map.
• Orthophoto enhance the communication of
spatial data.
• Orthophoto is a 2D representation of 3D surface.
• Use to create maps to digitize and help to draw
linear feature on the map. They are basically use
a based map in production.
 Applications of Orthophotos

1.Topography mapping
2.Architectural application
3.Enginerring application
4.Other application:-
a)Security
b)Body modeling
c)Medical
d)Beauty research
 Cont..
5.The uses of orthophotos are expanding into many
different fields.
A)Forensics: a)Gathering evidence
b)Crime scence presentation
c)Evidence preservation
B)Land scaping: a)Recording land movements
b)Aerial mapping
C)Medicine: a) Human measurements
b) Athletic studies of body motion.
 Flight Planning

• Introduction:- In order to compare

the cost of ground surveys and that of
aerial surveys it is necessary to
estimate the cost of flying and aerial
mapping.
A)Total number of photographs required to
cover the area.
B)Total flight time
C)Scale of photographs
D)Type of photographs
E)External factors like weather, etc.
• A)Number of photographs:- In the first
instance this depends upon the manner of
flight. It also depends upon the forward
overlap, lateral overlap and the external shape
of the area. For a rectangular area it is easy to
plan the direction of flight, flying being parallel
to the longer sides.
• Flight Time:- To decide whether any given area
can be covered in one flight or more it is
necessary to calculate or estimate beforehand
the total flight time. This may include time
required to fly from the base, where the
aircraft is stationed to the area of
photography.
• Scale of photograph:-the scale at any point of the
photograph is given by S=(f/H-h) where h is the
ground point above the datum and H, the height of
the aircraft above the same datum . This scale varies
from point to point.
• Types of photograph:-the ground coverage on aerial
photograph depends upon the tilt of the aerial
camera by increasing tilt horizon appear which
increased the coverage. This method is used for
inaccessible areas.
• Meteorological factors:-
flight planning depends
upon some meteorological
fastors like
wind ,clouds ,fog etc.
 Conclusion
• Orthophotos are the actual representation of
ground which are extensively using in various
fields .
• Flight planning is a basic step for preparation
of any aerial photograph and for monitoring
any specific area.
 References
• Kk rampal
• Wekipedia….
Thank you