MM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

Sadopur, ambala

BUILDING SERVICES III

TOPIC : HVAC

Submitted To:- Submitted By:-

Ar. Abhisekh Sharma Ayush Sharma
75196002
B-arch, 6th Sem.
H HEATING
V VENTILATION
A AIR
C CONDITIONING
HVAC stands for heating, ventilation and air conditioning. In computing and especially in enterprise data center,
HVAC systems control the ambient environment (temperature, humidity, air flow and air filtering) and must be
planned for and operated along with other data center components such as computing hardware, cabling, data storage,
fire protection, physical security systems and power

What does HVAC encompass?

An HVAC system maintains a regulated temperature, controls the level of humidity and ensures optimal air quality. As
the HVAC acronym indicates, the system includes the following components:

 HVAC is basically climate control of confined space with respect to requirements of persons or goods in it.

 HVAC system is not only heating and cooling of air but also concerned with maintaining the indoor air quality
(IAQ).

 Heating of air is done usually in winter and similarly cooling of air is done in summer season
 Heating.

• An HVAC system includes some type of equipment -- such as furnace, boiler or heat pump -- for generating heat
that is used to warm an internal space.
• The equipment might target a room, zone or entire building. Heating equipment uses different methods to heat a
space (conduction, convection or radiation) and uses different types of resources to generate the heat, such as
electricity, propane, heating oil or natural gas.
• Although heating is usually not the primary concern in data center HVAC, it's still an important factor,
particularly in cold climates, where heat might be needed to protect outdoor equipment or components such as
chillers.

 Ventilation.

• comprehensive system of ventilation is essential to effective HVAC. Ventilation is a separate mechanism from
heating or air conditioning but works in conjunction with both, maintaining the airflow necessary to effectively
heat or cool a building. In addition, it exchanges inside air with outside air to ensure a fresh supply.
• Ventilation can also play a role in filtering the air or maintaining the proper level of humidity, depending on the
heating or cooling system. Proper ventilation is especially important in data centers, where it's used in concert with
air conditioning to cool IT infrastructure.
• Data centers employ a variety of strategies to ventilate and cool their systems, depending on the type of equipment
and their layout.
 Air conditioning.

• An HVAC system includes some type of equipment to cool circulating air. The approach to cooling can vary
significantly from one commercial space to the next.
• For example, air conditioning equipment might be located inside the building or on the outside, such as on the
roof. It might also use water to control temperatures, rather than coolant.
• it might play a role in filtering the air or controlling humidity, working in conjunction with the ventilation system.
• Data centers rely heavily on air conditioning to ensure that IT infrastructure can operate properly, using a variety
of strategies to cool and ventilate their systems

 HVAC vs. air conditioning

Discussions around HVAC often raise the question: What is the difference between air conditioning and HVAC?
However, it would be better to ask how air conditioning fits into the larger HVAC system.

• Air conditioning should be thought of as an integral component of HVAC, along with heating and ventilation,
rather than something different from HVAC.
• Air conditioning works hand-in-hand with ventilation to cool the circulating air, just like heating works hand-in-
hand with ventilation to warm the air.
 HVAC system

 HVAC Valves are also installed at various points in piping to ease the maintenance of HVAC system or for the sake
of system control.
 Heating of air may be done with the help of HVAC heat pump, hot water generator or simply by furnace. Some
industrial chillers also serve as heaters in winter season.
 Heating coils take the place of cooling coils in case of heating mode.
 HVAC system cost may vary for different applications as heating and cooling space or environment varies.

 HVAC system working Principle

 In the background of HVAC system, an HVAC water chiller produces chilled water which is then circulated
throughout the building or space upto cooling coils in air handling units.
 Blowers move air on cooling coils which is then distributed into various portions of space or building for providing
comfort or preserving goods/items as per HVAC design.

 Air is distributed through supply ducts and return air is collected in air handling units with the help of return ducts.
 Chilled water and cooling water pumps provide energy to keep the chilled and cooling water moving.
AIR handling unit
 AHU VS HVAC

• AHU is Air Handling Unit. HVAC is Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning system.
• HVAC is the central unit to which AHU is connected. AHU is only a part of HVAC.
• HVAC comes in medium to large designs. HVAC is used to condition the atmosphere in industrial houses,
skyscrapers and aquariums.
• Air Handling Unit is a large metal box that conditions the air, which helps in creating a perfect atmosphere.
• Air Handling Unit comes in three types — Mall Air Handlers, Make up Air Unit and Roof Top Unit.
• As AHU is only part of HVAC, it can be hard to make out a difference between the two.

Top 10 Largest HVAC Companies in the World 2020

 Daikin 
 Ingersoll Rand
 Johnson Controls
 LG Electronics
 United Technologies 
 Midea
  Electrolux 
 Lennox
 Nortek Global HVAC
 Samsung Electronics
TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
 Components of hvac system

 dehumidifier
• a dehumidifier is a machine or process that removes moisture from the air. There are several ways
this is accomplished, including electrical, mechanical, and natural methods.
• If you were to break the word down, it tells you exactly what it does. By dehumidifying or
removing humidity, these devices can make our lives more comfortable and even save money.
• In many cases, a central air conditioner also removes moisture and humidity from the air.
• This process, though, uses more energy and makes the system run longer to cool the air after it has
been devoid of moisture. By using a dehumidifier with the AC, you can run the units for shorter
times and make the AC more efficient, saving on your annual energy bills.

 humidifier
• Humidifier is an equipment used to increase the relative humidity of a room to ensure that the dry
space has enough moisture for the comfort of the occupants. This happens often during winter
when the heater is turned on causing the relative humidity of the air in the house to decrease.
• Too much moisture can also cause problem such as mold growing on moist surfaces. On
top of that unpleasant smell and the feeling of dampness inside the house also cause
discomfort to the occupants.
• This situation is bad for our health hence when this happens, you will need to have a
dehumidifier to remove the excessive moisture from the air.
• A study shows that the typical RH that is comfortable to the human body is between 30%
to 50% RH.
 Filters
• An HVAC filter is a filter that is used in a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system.
• The filter increases the efficiency and longevity of the HVAC system by protecting it from dust and
airborne particles.
• It is therefore an integral, yet often overlooked part of the system.
• In addition to protecting the HVAC system from damage, some HVAC filters are designed to
improve the quality of the interior air.

 Types of Air Filters

 Reusable Air Filter
 HEPA Filter

 Flat Paneled Fiberglass Filter

 Pleated Media Filter

 ducts
• Ducts are conduits or passages used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) to deliver
and remove air.
• The needed airflows include, for example, supply air, return air, and exhaust air.
• Ducts commonly also deliver ventilation air as part of the supply air. A duct system is also called
ductwork

 Types of Air ducts

 Flexible ducts
 Metal ducts
 Fiberglass Duct boards
 Plastic Ducts
 DIFFUSERS
• Diffusers in HVAC systems are vents that allow the air to pass through them and get delivered into
the room or office.
• Diffusers are installed in ceilings, walls, or floors and have become relatively more popular in
recent years.
• Diffusers can help in various regards and can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of your
HVAC unit.
• Having diffusers will pass the air in all directions that will make the air regulation in the room
even and well balanced.
• diffusers can be shut down completely or partially to calibrate the coming air according to your
requirements.

 The 6 common types of diffusers in HVAC are:

 Directional Diffuser
 Linear Slot Diffuser
 Round Diffuser
 Swirl Diffuser
 Double Deflection Diffuser
 Jet Diffuse

 DAMPERS
• A damper is a valve or plate that prevents or controls air flow within a duct, chimney, variable air volume
box, air handler, or other air handling machinery.
• A damper can be used to cut off or control central air conditioning in an unused space

 The 4 common types of dampers in HVAC are:

 Motorized Fire Damper

 Fusible Link Fire Damper
 Volume Control Damper
 Non-Return Damper