Electrical

Technology
FY B.Tech
S . D . G AVA R S K A R

ECT DEPT

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 1

Sr No. Question TLO’s BL PI code

1 Describe the different types of errors occurs in measurement with one example      

2. Discuss and explain operating forces in analog instruments TL2 L1 1.3.1

3. Explain the role of shunt resistor connect across PMMC movement? Convert the PMMC TL3 L3 1.3.1
movement into a dc-ammeter of the range 0 to 100mA 2.1.2

4.. . Explain the working principle of voltmeter and ammeter TL3 L2 1.3.1
5. Define the term measurement. Discuss the classification of analog measuring instrument. TL1 L1 1.3.1

6.. Explain the working principle of A.C. potentiometer. State the application of AC TL3 L2 1.3.1
potentiometer
7. Describe use multiplier in case of voltmeter. State disadvantages of multiplier TL3 L2 1.3.1

8 Write a short note on single phase electrodynamometer type power factor meter TL3 L2 1.3.1
2.1.2
9 Explain the constructional detail and working of electro dynamic Wattmeter. explain the TL3 L2 1.3.1
advantage.
10 Explain various methods of providing damping torque in an indicating instrument TL2 L2 1.3.1

11 Discuss frequency measuring instruments TL3 L2 1.3.1

 

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 2

Unit 4
CONTENT CO PO PSO
Methods of Measurement, To demonstrate PO1 Should able to apply
Measurement System the principles of Apply the knowledge the knowledge gained
Classification of instrument measurement & of Engineering during the course of the
system Electro dynamic its types Fundamentals program from Applied
Use Pricipals of Science and all
PMMC Ammeters & Engineering electrical courses in
Voltmeters, multimeter particular to identify,
formulate and solve
real life electrical
Electro dynamic Wattmeter, problems.
frequency and power factor
measurement

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 3

SI System
What is Current ?
What is Voltage? Why called it as EMF?
What is resistance, Capacitance and
inductance?

Basic Electrical quantities

1.Voltage 2. Current 3. resistance
4. Power

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 4

Power factor Measurement

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 5

 Methods of Measurement &
Measurement System
 What is measurement ,measuring instruments

Classification of Measuring Instruments

Recording
Absolute
Measuring Indicating
Instrument
Secondary Integrating

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 6

Difference Between Absolute &
Secondary
Absolute instruments show the quantity to be
measured in terms of instruments constant and
its deflection and they require no comparison
with any other standard instruments
Example Tangent Galvanometer ,Raleigh
Current and Absolute electro meter are ex
amples of absolute instruments. They are
mostly used in laboratories as standardising
instruments
FY B.TECH JNEC
Secondary instruments are those which gives
the value of the quantity on its scale or its
display unit directly by a pointer. The scale is
calibrated by comparison with absolute
instruments. Most of the measuring
instruments, which are generally used are of
“Secondary Type
Example
The ordinary Voltmeter, Ammeter ,Energy
meter are examples for Secondary instruments
03/05/2022 7
Principle of Operation of Electrical
Measuring Instruments
The classification of the instruments according to the effects utilized in their operation is given below
Effects Instruments Suitable for type of
measurement
Magnetic Ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters, integrating Current, Voltage Power and
meters energy both Dc and Ac
Thermal Ammeters and voltmeters Current, Voltage Power and
energy both Dc and Ac

Chemical Integrating meters For measurement of dc ampere-

hours
Electrostatic Voltmeters only Voltage only, on both ac and dc
systems
Electro- Voltmeters, ammeters, wattmeter, energy meters Current, Voltage Power and
magnetic energy in AC only
FYinduction
B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 8
Operating forces in analog
instruments
For satisfactory working of indicating instruments the torques required are:
1. Deflecting torque 2. Controlling torque 3. Damping torque

Deflecting

Indicating
Instruments

1.Air friction
1.Spring 2. Fluid
2. Gravity 3.Eddy
current

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 9

Spring And Gravity control

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 10

Permanent Magnet Moving Coil
(PMMC) type instrument
• Moving Coil
• Magnet System
• Control System
• Damping System
• Pointer and Scale
• Deflecting Torque,
𝑇𝑑 = 𝑁𝐵𝑙𝑑𝐼 = 𝐺𝐼
Controlling Torque, 𝑇𝑐 = 𝐾𝜃
For Steady deflection, 𝑇𝑑 = 𝑇𝑐,
𝐺𝐼 = 𝐾𝜃
𝜃 = (𝐺 𝐾 )𝐼
𝜃𝛼𝐼
• Errors
• Advantages ,Disadvantages

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 11

Electrodynamometer type
instrument
• fixed coil
• Damping Coil
• Air Coil
• Torque Deflecting Torque,
𝑇𝑑 = 𝐼1 × 𝐼2 × 𝑑𝑀 𝑑𝜃
Controlling Torque, 𝑇𝑐 = 𝐾𝜃 For
steady deflection,
𝑇𝑑 = 𝑇𝑐
𝐼1 × 𝐼2 × 𝑑𝑀 𝑑𝜃= 𝐾𝜃
𝜃 = 𝐼1𝐼2 𝐾× 𝑑𝑀 𝑑𝜃

• Advantages ,Disadvantages

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 12

Ammeter & Voltmeter

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 13

Electrodynamic Wattmeter

FY B.TECH JNEC 03/05/2022 14