FLOW OVER WEIRS

LABORATORY ACTIVITY
Nos. 8, 9, 10
PREPARED BY:
ANGELES, EFRAIM C.
CORBILLA, VINCENT ALLEN B.
LADRERA, CARL LORENZ B.
MIRANDA, CHARLAMAGNE F.
POBLETE, VINCI WILHELM C.

HYDRAULICS LABORATORY
FHYDROL – CIVP27
A BARRIER ACROSS THE WIDTH OF A RIVER OR STREAM THAT
ALTERS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLOW AND USUALLY
RESULTS IN A CHANGE IN THE HEIGHT OF THE WATER LEVEL.

WEIRS
BROAD-CRESTED
SHARP-CRESTED
SHORT-CRESTED
WEIRS WEIRS WEIRS
TYPES OF WEIRS

rectangular TRIANGULAR
WEIRS WEIRS
 THE FLOW OF WATER OVER A WEIR DEPENDS ON THE SHAPE OF
THE WEIR AND THE HEIGHT OF THE WATER LEVEL ABOVE THE
FLOW OVER WEIRS
NOTCH OF THE WEIR. THE DATA FROM THE TESTS ARE USED TO
VERIFY THE THEORETICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FACTORS.
THESE RESULTS CAN THEN BE USED TO FIND THE COEFFICIENT OF
DISCHARGE.
 RECTANGULAR
FLOW
A OVERWEIR
NOTCH
type of sharp-crested A RECTANGULAR
weir as their name NOTCH WEIR
implies, have rectangular cross-sections.

Generally classified as suppressed and

unsuppressed weirs.
 CONSIDER THE FLOW THROUGH A
RECTANGULAR NOTCH AS SHOWN
FLOW OVER A RECTANGULAR NOTCH WEIR
THE ARE OF THE HORIZONTAL
DIFFERENTIAL ELEMENT IS TAKEN
THEREFORE, THE THEORETICAL
AT A DEPTH Y BELOW THE FREE
DISCHARGE FOR A RECTANGULAR
SURFACE IS GIVEN BY:
WEIR IS GIVEN AS:
THE VELOCITY OF THE ELEMENT
IS GIVEN BY:
THE
AND DISCHARGE THROUGH
ACTUAL DISCHARGE IS THE
GIVEN
ELEMENT
AS: IS GIVEN BY:
INTEGRATING TO OBTAIN THE
THEORETICAL DISCHARGE:
 V-NOTCH WEIR HAS A V-SHAPED
TRIANGULAR V-
OPENING INSTEAD OF A
FLOW OVER A TRIANGULAR V-NOTCH WEIR
NOTCH
RECTANGULAR WEIRS
SHAPED OPENING.

TRIANGULAR WEIRS ARE USED

WHERE LOWER DISCHARGES ARE
DESIRED FOR A GIVEN HEAD H OR
WHERE LOWER FLOWRATES NEED
TO BE MEASURED WITH GREATER
ACCURACY.
 CONSIDER THE FLOW THROUGH
THE TRIANGULAR V-NOTCHED CONSIDER AN ELEMENT AT DEPTH
WEIR Y, THE BREADTH OF THE ELEMENT
INTEGRATING TO OBTAIN THE
IS GIVEN BY:
THEORETICAL DISCHARGE:

AREA OF THE DIFFERENTIAL

FLOW OVER A TRIANGULAR V-NOTCH

ELEMENT
THEORETICALWEIR
IS THEN GIVEN AS:
DISCHARGE
TRIRANGULAR V-NOTCH WEIR IS
FOR A

GIVEN AS:
VELOCITY THROUGH THE
ELEMENT IS GIVEN AS:

AND ACTUAL DISCHARGE IS GIVEN

THE DISCHARGE THROUGH THE
AS:
ELEMENT IS:
1. TO VERIFY THE DISCHARGE EQUATION.
OBJECTIVES:
2. TO DETERMINE THE DISCHARGE
COEFFICIENT FOR A SHARP-CRESTED WEIR.
 NEEDED APPARATUS

WEIR PLATES HYDRAULIC

(RECTANGULAR, 60°, 90° V- STOPWATCH
NOTCH WEIRS) BENCH
NEEDED APPARATUS
1. ATTACH THE RECTANGULAR OR TRAINGULAT WEIR TO THE
CHANNEL AND BY-PASS VALVE SHOULD ALWAYS BE OPEN
2. CLOSE THE PUMP FLOW CONTROL VALVE AND START THE
PUMP
3. REGULATE THE FLOW CHANNEL BY SLOWLY CLOSING THE
BY-PASS VALVE TO MAINTAIN A WATER LEVEL IN THE FLOW
CHANNEL SO THAT THE WEIR IS FILLED TO THE TOP OF THE
MACHINED SECTION. BE CAREFUL TO AVOID FLOODING
ABOVE THIS LEVEL, HOWEVER, THIS TIME REGULATE TO
MAINTAIN A LEVEL IN THE APPROACH CHANNEL SO THAT
THE WEIR IS FILLED ONLY TO THE TOP OF THE
RECTANGULAR OR TIRANGULAR SECTION.

PROCEDURES
4. ALLOW A STEADY FLOW TO DEVELOP THOUGHT OUT THE
ENTIRE CIRCUIT. USE THE HOOK AND POINT GAUGE.
MEASURE THE HEIGHT OF THE WATER LEVEL ABOVE THE
TOP OF THE WEIR AS AN H TO START THE ANALYSIS.
5. MEASURE FLOW RATE WITH A STOPWATCH AND A
GRADUATED CYLINDER AND MEASURE THE WATER LEVEL
IN THE APPROACH CHANNEL USING THE GAUGE AT A
LOCATION ABOUT HALFWAY ALONG THE APPROACH
CHANNEL. THE FIRST READING OF THE GAUGE SHOULD BE
USED AS A CALIBRATION. FOR EACH MEASUREMENT,
MEASURE THE FLOW RATE AT LEAST THREE TIMES AND
TAKE THE AVERAGE.
6. REDUCE THE APPROACH CHANNEL WATER LEVEL IN ABOUT
2 OR 3 EVEN STEPS EACH TIME RECORDING THE WATER
LEVEL DIFFERENTIAL IN THE CHANNEL WITH THE GAUGE.
RECORD THE FLOW RATE.
7. CALCULATE THE ACTUAL DICHARGE OF A WEIR AND
video
video
 FLOW OVER A 60º V-NOTCH WEIR
h1 h2 Time Volume Qa
TRIAL C
(cm) (cm) (sec) (mL) (m3/s)

1 5.6 9.7 7.0 380

2 5.6 8.7 7.0 280

3
DATA AND CALCULATIONS
5.6 8.9 7.0 300

COMPUTATION FOR THEORETICAL FLOW RATE: COMPUTATION FOR DIFFERENCE (HEAD LOSS):
Computation for Actual Flow Rate, COMPUTATION FOR COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE:
; where
 FLOW OVER A 90º V-NOTCH WEIR
h1 h2 Time Volume Qa
TRIAL C
(cm) (cm) (sec) (mL) (m3/s)

1 7.9 10.6 7.0 330 0.167

DATA AND CALCULATIONS

2 7.9 10.4 7.0 300 0.184

3 7.9 10.0 7.0 290 0.274

COMPUTATION FOR for

THEORETICAL COMPUTATION FOR DIFFERENCE (HEAD LOSS):
Computation Actual FlowFLOW
Rate, RATE: COMPUTATION FOR COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE:
; where
 FLOW OVER A RECTANGULAR NOTCH
WEIR Time
h1 (sec) Vol. Qa
TRIAL C
(m) (mL) (m3/s)
T1 T2 T3 Ave.

1 0.0105 50 21 42 37.667 300 0.76

2 0.0197 32 10 11 17.667 300 0.63

3 DATA AND CALCULATIONS

0.0325 24 7 6 12.333 300 0.43

4 0.0434 16 5 7 6 300 0.57

Computation for Actual COMPUTATION

Flow Rate, COMPUTATION FOR THEORETICAL FLOW RATE:
FOR COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE:
THANK YOU!
REFERENCES:

Applied Fluid Mechanics Lab Manual by Habib Ahmari and Shah Md Imran Kabir

LAB-2: Flow Over A Weir by Jagadish Torlapati, PhD