http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=036GFPRH5-w
 CHAPTER 1 7
1.3 Understanding the Mechanism of Blood
Clotting

13 January 2011
2:45 pm to 3:30
Learning Outcomes:

At the end of this class you must be able to

 explain the necessity for blood clotting
at the site of damage vessels
 explain the mechanism of blood clotting
 predict the consequences of impaired
blood clotting in an individual
Necessity for Blood Clotting

 Avoid excessive blood loss when a person

is injured
 Maintains the circulation of blood in a
close circulatory system
 Maintains blood pressure
 Prevents the entry of foreign substances,
such as microorganism into the body
through the wound.
Blood Clotting Mechanism
A cut in a
blood vessel

Blood flow out

and vessel
constricts

Platelets on exposure to
air, break down and
release chemicals to cause
other platelets to stick to
each other

Platelets clump
Platelets release together to form a
clotting factor plug to prevent
blood loss
Blood Clotting Mechanism
Injury in blood vessels

Platelet clump at the wound

Platelets releases
Thrombokinase
In the present of factor VIII convert
Formed in the liver
requires vitamin K and Ca
Thrombin Prothrombin
convert

Fibrinogen Fibrin
Soluble plasma protein
Insoluble fibres protein

Mesh network

Scab Blood Clot

Consequences of Impaired Blood
Clotting Mechanism

Thrombosis
haemophilia Heart attack
Embolism
* A local blood clot (thrombus}
is formed on the damage
* Lack of gene for rough inner wall of the artery. * The coronary artery is
C
production of clotting (thrombosis) partially blocked , it cause
A
factor (vitamin K) * Blockage of the artery angina (chest pain)
U
* An impaired clotting * Thrombus dislodge and is * Total blockage : cuts off the
S
mechanism which causes carried away by blood supply of oxygen
E
serious bleeding circulation (embolus) and nutrients to the heart
S
* Embolus trapped and block muscle causes heart attack
the blood flow * Extensive heart muscle
damage can cause death
O
V
E * Factor VII can now be produced by * Avoid to take foods rich in fats
R generic engineering
Consume more fruits and
C vegetables
O * Exercise and practice a
M healthy lifestyle
E
 Terms in Blood Clotting
Fibrinogen, Factor I - A protein present in blood plasma; converts to fi brin when blood clots
Prothrombin, Factor II - A protein in blood plasma that is the inacti ve precursor of thrombin
Thromboplasti n, Thrombokinase, Factor III - An enzyme liberated from blood platelets that
converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot
Calcium ion, Factor IV - Ion of calcium; a factor in the clotti ng of blood
Proaccelerin, Prothrombin accelerator, Accelerator factor, Factor V - A coagulati on factor
Proconverti n, Cothromboplasti n, Stable factor, Factor VII - A coagulati on factor formed in
the kidney under the infl uence of vitamin K
Anti hemophilic factor, Anti haemophilic factor, Anti hemophilic globulin, Anti haemophilic
globulin,Factor VIII, Hemofi l - A coagulati on factor (trade name Hemofi l) whose absence is
associated with hemophilia A
Christmas factor, Factor IX - Coagulati on factor whose absence is associated with
hemophilia B
Prothrombinase, Factor X - Coagulati on factor that is converted to an enzyme that converts
prothrombin to thrombin in a reacti on that depends on calcium ions and other coagulati on
factors
Plasma thromboplasti n antecedent, Factor XI - Coagulati on factor whose defi ciency results
in a hemorrhagic tendency
Hageman factor, Factor XII - Coagulati on factor whose defi ciency results in prolongati on of
clotti ng ti me of venous blood
Fibrinase, Factor XIII - In the clotti ng of blood thrombin catalyzes factor XIII into its acti ve
form (fi brinase) which causes fi brin to form a stable clot
 Activity 1 : 5 minutes conversation
Let talk about blood clotting
 Situation:
Hidayah’s finger bleeding because off paper cut. She is panic
and worry. Darren tell Hidayah to calm down.
Darren : Don’t worry your blood will clot immediately.
Hidayah : clot? What do you mean my blood will clot?
Darren : ……….…………….
Hidayah : How it can be happened

Key words :
Atika : thrombokinase, Raihan : Fibrin,
Raihanah : vitamin K, Darren :,calcium
Exercise
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the function of thrombokinase?
____________________________________________
2. ____________soluble plasma protein converts into ____________insoluble
fibrin fibres by the _____________
3. Prothrombin formed in the ____________ , it formation requires
______________ and _____________
4. What happen to the platelets when it expose to air.
____________________________________________________
5.Differentiate between thrombosis and embolism
____________________________________________________
6. Differentiate between angina and heart attack
__________________________________________________
homework

 Draw mind map to summarize the necessity

for blood clotting
 Draw a diagram/flow chart to show
mechanism of blood clotting
 Draw a table to compare and contrast
circulatory system of insect, fish,
amphibians and humans