Organisational Awareness

SETARA ’11
Rated by MQA
EK 2103 AVIATION LEGISLATION

MODULE 10
ORGANISATIONAL AWARENESS
By : RAMANATHAN MEYYAPPAN
SEMESTER :JAN 2020
Aviation Legislation
Organisational Awareness
LECTURE 1
• AVIATION is the practical aspect or art of aeronautics being the design,

development, production, operation, and use of aircraft.
• Aviation law is the branch of law that concerns flight, air travel and associated
legal and business concerns.
• Aviation law is considered as a matter of international law due to nature of air

travel.
Aviation Legislation is the term generally
used to define the process through which
the laws relating to all areas of the civil
aviation industry are enacted.
• Airworthiness.
• The continuing capability of the aircraft to perform in a satisfactory manner the
flight operations for which it was designed is called airworthiness.
• Aircraft has been designed for various purposes:-
• Passenger Aircraft, Cargo Aircraft,Trainer Aircraft, Fighter Aircraft.
• MAINTENANCE
• The action or a set of actions like inspection, servicing,
replacement,modification,carried out on aircraft ,or aircraft components, to keep
in a serviceable condition is called Maintenance .
ACTIVITY-1
• 1. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING

• AIRWORTHINESS
• MAINTENANCE
• AVIATION LEGISLATION
• AVIATION
2. DIFFERENTIATATE BETWEEN ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT
3. EXPLAIN ANY ONE AIRCRAFT MET WITH AN ACCIDENT DUE TO MAINTENANCE ENGINEER
ERROR.DISCUSS THE CAUSES AND REMEDY TO AVOID SUCH ACCIDENTS IN FUTURE.
4.Why Aviation law is called international law?

5. List out the various roles and responsibilities of Aircraft MAINTENANCE ENGINEER .
• CIVIL AVIATION REGULATORY AUTHORITY AROUND THE WORLD (NAA)

• Aircraft Maintenance is to be highly Regulated .
• The most obvious objective of an airworthiness authority is to ensure DESIGN
LEVEL OF RELIABILITY and OPERATING SAFETY of civil registered through
promulgation and enforcement of highest achievable standard of airworthiness.
• There are various regulatory authorities around the world, to ensure operating
safety of civil registered Aircraft.
• Some of them are:-
• Civil Aviation Admistration of China CAAC
• Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore CAAS
• Directorate General of Civil Aviation DGCA ,India
• Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia CAAM
• Civil Aviation Authority UK CAA
• CHICAGO CONVENTION ,1944
Convention on international civil aviation signed at Chicago on 7 th December 1944,to

promote Aviation business around the world Peacefully in a safe and orderly manner.
• INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION (ICAO)
On 7th December 1944 ,55 countries from around the world, including the United
Kingdom, signed an international agreement on the regulation of civil aviation.
This is sometimes referred to as ‘The Chicago Convention’
ICAO is a Specialized Agency of the United nations

The convention on International civil Aviation also known as the Chicago convention
established the ICAO
• On 4 th April 1947, the Chicago Convention contracting states formed the

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
• In October 1947 it became a Specialized Agency of the UN.
• ICAO has no powers to make law but all members agree to implement
the recommendations made by its various committees, which are formed
from the contracting states.
• Many countries have written into their own aviation law that wherever
possible Chicago Convention recommendations will be adhered to.
• There are now 191 contracting states
• ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION
• ICAO established in 1944 to promote the safe and orderly development of international civil
aviation throughout the world.
• ICAO also sets standards and regulation necessary for Aviation Safety, Security, Efficency,and
Regularity.
• ICAO consists of 191 Contracting states
• The ICAO has NO EXECUTIVE POWERS to incorporate or introduce legislation into a

National Authority’s national standard
• National Aviation Authority is a government Authority in each country that oversees the
approval and regulation of civil aviation.
• ICAO maintains the Chicago Convention which is a living document

(constantly updated) which comprises 19 annexes (the 19thannex was
added in 2013 and some are listed at Table 1) covering all aspects of civil
aviation and over 10,000 Standards and Recommended Practices
(SARPs).
ICAO ANNEXES
ANNEX TITLE
1 Personnel Licensing
6 Operation of Aircraft
7 Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks
8 Airworthiness of Aircraft
13 Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
16 Environmental Protection
19 Safety Management
• JOINT AVIATION AUTHORITY JAA

• The NAAs of certain European countries met and agreed to use common and
detailed aviation requirements with a particular view to minimizing Type
Certification on joint ventures.
• This agreement led, in 1990, to the formation of the JAA.
• JOINT AVIATION REQUIREMENTS (JARs)

• A common set or requirements known as JOINT AVIATION REQUIREMENTS (JARs)
were produced which also facilitated easier export and import procedures for
aviation products and services which allowed easier aviation activities across the
European member states
• TRANSITION FROM JAA TO EASA

• The transition process started with the European Parliament issuing a
Regulation known as an ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENT (ER), reference safety in
all fields of the aviation industry via the following:
• Regulation (Ec) no 1592/2002 of the European Parliament and of the council

of 15 July 2002 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing
a European Aviation Safety Agency.
• The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), formally started its work on
28 September 2003 giving it responsibility, initially for regulating
airworthiness and maintenance issues within the EU Member States.
• European Aviation Safety Agency EASA is a European union agency with

regulatory and executive tasks in the field of civil Aviation safety ,taking over
the function of JOINT AVIATION AUTHORITIES (JAA ).
• RESPONSIBILITIES OF EASA
• Responsibilities of EASA include to conduct analysis and research of
safety ,implementing and monitoring safety rules ,giving type certification of
Aircraft ,and Approval of Organization in Design ,Manufacture ,and Maintenance
of Aircraft.
• EASA is a regulatory body for Air safety and Environment Regulation and Provides
common rules for
• 1.Certification of Aeronautical product
• 2.Approval of Organization
• 3.Licensing of Air Crew
• 4.Approval of Air Operators
• Role of EASA
• EASA, is an agency of the EU which has been given specific regulatory tasks in
the field of aviation safety.
• Its establishment is key to the implementation of the EU’s strategy to
standardize, maintain and improve the level of aviation safety in Europe and
beyond.
ACTIVITY – 2
1. Explain the role of EASA.

2. Explain the role of ICAO.
3. Write a short notes on Chicago Convention.
4. List out the ICAO annexes.
5. Expand the term
A. JAA ________________
B. JAR__________________
• THE UK CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY (CAA)
• The CAA was formally set up under the Civil Aviation Act of 1971, on 22nd
December 1971 and assumed responsibility and full authority for civil aviation
matters in the UK on 1st April 1972.
• It became the United Kingdom‘s first independent and unified body for
regulating civil aviation, air traffic control and navigation services.
• The Civil Aviation Act of 1949 placed aviation standards and practices on the UK
and made them legally binding.
• THE CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY (CAA)

• The CAA was set up under the Civil Aviation Act 1971 and on 1st April
1972 assumed responsibility and full authority for UK civil aviation
matters.
• CAA became the UK’s first independent and unified body for regulating
civil aviation, air traffic control and navigation services.
• In the field of aviation engineering and maintenance, the prime concern
of every engineer must always be the upholding of airworthiness and
safety standards.
• The Civil Aviation Act 1949 (an Act of Parliament) is the authority for the
implementation of the Air Navigation Order (ANO) that sets out in detail
the law of the UK concerning civil aviation and its conformity with the
ICAO recommended standards and practices.
• The Air Navigation Order (ANO)

• The Civil Aviation Act 1949 placed aviation standards and practices on the
UK and made them legally binding.
• The subject matters contained within the ANO are Statutory Instruments,
(SI) requiring organisations and individuals within the aviation industry to
comply with the ANO requirements.
• The ANO applies to all aircraft registered in the UK and is published by
the CAA in CAP 393. Failure to comply with the ANO, whether in part or
completely, can lead to prosecution.
• THE AIR NAVIGATION ORDER (ANO)
CTHE ANO APPLIES TO ALL AIRCRAFT REGISTERED IN THE UNITED

KINGDOM.
The subject matters contained within the ANO are Statutory Instruments,
(SIs) requiring organizations and individuals within the aviation industry to
comply with the ANO requirements.
The ANO applies to all aircraft registered in the United Kingdom. Failure to
comply with an ANO, in part or completely, could lead to prosecution.
• o of
• Air Navigation Regulations (ANR)
• Air Navigation Regulations (ANR) In addition to setting aviation standards, the

ANO authorizes the SoS for Transport to make regulations, known as Air
Navigation Regulations (ANR).
• Safety & Airspace Regulation Group (SARG)

• The Safety and Airspace Regulation Group (SARG), based at Aviation
House, Gatwick, Surrey, possess delegated functions that are primarily of
a technical nature.
• These functions are implemented by staff known as ‘Surveyors’ who are
engaged in specialist and general duties, relevant to all airworthiness
aspects from design approval and certification to operation and
maintenance.
• Aircraft engineers, whether working in design, manufacturing or
maintenance, are all accountable to the CAA via the SARG.
• Engineers will mainly come into contact with the SARG through the
‘Personnel Licensing Section’. The primary function of this section to
assess and approve all maintenance engineers licences.
• The SARG, based at Aviation House, possess delegated functions that are primarily
of a Technical Nature.
• These functions are implemented by staff known as SURVEYORS who are engaged
in specialist and general duties, relevant to all airworthiness aspects from design
approval and certification to operation and maintenance.
• Aircraft engineers, whether working in design, manufacturing or maintenance, are

all accountable to the CAA via the SAFETY AIRSPACE REGULATIONS GROUP.
• Safety and Airspace Regulation Group (SARG)

• CAA administered by the Controller of Safety. The main control is under
the Safety and Airspace Regulation Group (SARG).
• They are divided into five main departments:
• Intelligence, Strategy and Policy
• Flight Operations Inspectorate (FOI)
• Airworthiness
• Airspace ATM and Aerodromes
• Business Management
• SARG COMPRISES OF THE FOLLOWING DIVISIONS AND DEPARTMENTS

• (a) Operating Standards Division which includes the Maintenance
Standards Department, amongst many others
• (b) Design and Manufacturing Standards Division which includes various
departments, including Structures & Materials and Powerplant
Departments
• (c) Licensing Standards Division, which includes the Engineer License
Department, as well as Crew.
• (d) Medical Division, responsible for medical examination and certification
• (e) Support Services Division which includes the Airworthiness
Requirements Section and the Safety Data and Analysis Unit
• CAA PUBLICATIONS
• The CAA ensures that the minimum standards for civil aviation in the UK
are maintained by reference to relevant published regulations.
• British Civil Airworthiness Requirements (BCAR)
• British Civil Airworthiness Requirements (BCAR) are published by the CAA
to detail national (UK-only) rules and regulations.
• BCARs provide even lower level interpretation of ANRs and are specific to
certain subject areas.
• BCARs are published by the SARG and relay, to the aviation industry, the
minimum airworthiness standards necessary to meet the ANO and ANR.
• In other words they explain in plain language how to meet the
requirements of the legal wording contained in ANOs and ANRs.
• BRITISH CIVIL AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (BCAR)

• The Air Navigation Orders (ANO) and the Air Navigation Regulations (ANR) are high
level documents and are in legal language; therefore lower levels of
documentation are required for interpretation. This is the purpose of BCARs.
• BCARs are published by the SARG of the CAA and relay, to the aviation industry,
the minimum airworthiness standards necessary to meet the ANO and ANR.
• In other words they explain in plain language how to meet the requirements of
the legal wording contained in the ANO‘s and ANR‘s.
AIRWORTHINESS NOTICES (AWN)
AWN’s are the means by which the CAA, via the SARG, publishes
information at short notice on TECHNICAL, MANDATORY AND
ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS CONCERNING AIRWORTHINESS.
Airworthiness Notices are available on the CAA web site at

www.srg.caa.co.uk under the heading Publications.
AWN ARE ISSUED TO:
All owners of civil aircraft on the UK register
All Organisations approved by the CAA under the ANO
All holders of an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers License issued

by the CAA
• CAP 562, Civil Aircraft Airworthiness Information and

Procedures CAAIP
• CAAIP are published by the UK CAA
• (CAAIPs)provide information regarding airworthiness issues
and those of general interest to engineers in the UK.
• 14 sequentially numbered Parts and individual Leaflets
• Contains information on a variety of matters concerned with the
manufacture, overhaul, repair, maintenance, operation and
procedures of civil aircraft.
• Information not specific to any particular type of aircraft, engine ,
equipment or component part fitted to civil aircraft
• RELATIONSHIP WITH NON-EU AVIATION AUTHORITIES

• EASA and the FAA (USA) are two of the largest aviation regulatory
bodies.,
• Federal Aviation Rules FARs formed the basis of many EASA Parts and
CSs.
• This standardization and commonality is important so that aircraft
constructed outside of the EU are acceptable to EASA without additional
requirements. This also applies to EU-built aircraft being acceptable
outside of the EU.
• Much of this is due to the commitment of ICAO Contracting States to
implement ICAO recommendations wherever possible.
• FEDRAL AVIATION ADMISTRATION FAA

• FEDRAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION is the National Aviation Authority of
the united states .
• FAA is the agency of the united states dept of transportation ,it has
authority to regulate and oversee all aspect of American civil Aviation
• RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER AVIATION AUTHORITIES
• Many of the rules and regulations concerning operation and maintenance of

aircraft are similar because most countries are part of the ICAO.
• The two largest aircraft regulatory bodies are currently the FEDERAL AVIATION
ADMINISTRATION in the USA and the EU EASA IN EUROPE.
• The Federal Aviation Requirements produced by the FAA formed the basis of many
of the European JARs and subsequent CS/Parts.
• Even the numbers used are similar.

• For example EASA Part 145 is based on FAR 145, EASA Part 21, CS-23 and CS-25
are based on FAR 21, 23 and 25.
• EASA Parts & Certification Specifications (CSs) EASA receive IRs from the
Transport Commissioner and publish them as Parts and Certification
Specifications (CSs).
• The Parts and CSs not only comprise IRs as ‘Technical Requirements’
(which are often the IRs verbatim), but also Acceptable Means of
Compliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM), both of which provide
further detail to the Technical Requirements.
• Each EASA Part and CS is split into two sections:

• Section A– IRs that must be adhered toby the organization/engineer. It
may be useful to consider Section A as being applicable to the ‘Applicant’
as invariably there is an approval to be applied for, such as under Part-66;
applying for a licence.
• Section B – IRs that must be adhered to by the NAA. It may be useful to

consider Section as being applicable to the ‘Busybodies’ (a not very
complimentary name sometimes given to ‘the men from the ministry’). An
example is Part-66 Section B details the actions that the NAA must carry
out upon receiving an application for a licence.
• Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) & Guidance Material (GM)

• In addition to the Technical Requirements, each section includes:
• AMC– provides specific details on how EASA consider the IRs may be
complied with. Within a Part or CS, AMCs will be number.
• GM– provides clarification of certain points, for instance providing detail

of a definition or explaining in simple terms what the IR means.
• It is the AMC and GM that EASA add to the IRs.
• EASA cannot change the IRs at all. When it is all collated, it is published as
a Part or CS. Not all Requirements have AMC or GM: they are provided
only when considered necessary.
• EASA PART 21 –AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION

• “Certification of Aircraft and Related Products, Parts and Appliances, and
of Design and Production Organisations.”
• Details the requirements to which aircraft and components are to be
designed and produced/manufactured.
• These organisations will design and build the aircraft and its components
to the relevant CS. Once built, the aircraft will be operated by its new
owner/operator.
• EASA PART 21 SUB PART J DESIGN ORGANIZATION APPROVAL
• Design organization means an organization responsible for the design of
Aircraft ,Aircraft Engines,Propellers,APU,or Related Parts.
• EASA PART 21 SUB PART G PRODUCTION ORGANIZATION APPROVAL
Part-ORO“ Organization Requirements for Air Operations.” Details the

requirements for operating aircraft, requiring the air operator to hold an Air
Operator Certificate (AOC).The AOC is issued under Part-ORO. Throughout its
operating life an aircraft must be kept in an airworthy condition:
Part-CAT “Commercial Air Transport.” Details requirements for operating CAT
aircraft. The requirements are primarily relevant to flight crew but it details
the documents to be carried on a CAT flight.
Part-SPA “Specific Approvals.” Primarily of concern to flight crew regarding
certain flight conditions (such as Low Visibility Operations (LVO) and
Extended Range Twin-Engine Operations (ETOPS)), Part-SPA is of interest to
aircraft engineers as it specifies minimum equipment requirements for those
conditions.
• Part-M “Continuing Airworthiness Requirements.” Details requirements

for maintaining the airworthiness of aircraft and how and when a
Certificate of Release to Service (CRS) may be issued.
• Part-145“Maintenance Organisation Approvals.

• ” Details requirements for the approval of Maintenance Organisations
(MO), for the organisational structure and its facilities, not how they
maintain an aircraft.
• No Aircraft of the CAT Category may fly unless a certificate of release to
service CRs has been issued by an approved maintenance organization .
• No organization may issue a CRs unless it is a Part -145 Approved
Organization.
• Part-66“Certifying Staff.” Details requirements of the qualifications and

experience required in order for engineers to become licensed engineers
EASA PART 66 deals with the Licensing requirement for certifying staff.
• Any person requiring to be approved to issue a certificate of release to
service CRs must comply with the requirement of EASA Part 66.
• ISSUE
• RENEWAL
• AMEDMENT B1.1,B2,AIRBUS A320,A330,A340
• Part-147“Maintenance Training Organization.

• ” Details requirements for the approval of Maintenance Training Organisations.
Any organization wishing to conduct training and/or examination to the Part-66
requirements must be approved to Part-147 Approved Maintenance Training
Organizations standards.
• These require the training organization to contract sufficient staff, maintain

records, syllabi, training facilities and a Training Organization exposition.
• Once approved, Part-147 organizations possess certain privileges such as carrying

out ab-initio training, aircraft type training, conducting examinations and the issue
of certificates following successful completion of a type course and examination
• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARTS ORO,M,145,66 AND 147

• The following is the relationship between Parts ORO, M, 145, 66 and 147,
using the operator of a large or CAT aircraft (hence Part-CAT) as an
example:
• An Air Operator buys/leases one or more aircraft and sets up an airline.
• Part-ORO requires the Air Operator to hold an AOC.
• AOC terms require the aircraft to be kept in an airworthy condition.
• Part-M defines how to aircraft airworthy; by maintenance and review
• Maintenance:
• Part-145 MOs must be used to maintain the aircraft. They must have ‘sufficient’ Part-
66 Licensed Engineers with appropriate Type Rating to CRS the maintenance.
• Part-147 MTOs train and/or examine Part-66 Licensed Engineers.
• The following training is provided:

• Basic Knowledge training/examinations. Upon successful completion of the relevant
modules, along with completion of ‘hands-on’ maintenance, experience, application
can be made for a Part-66 Aircraft Maintenance Licence (AML) of the appropriate
Category.
• Type Training, Upon successful completion, along with completion of ‘On the Job
Training’ (OJT), application can be made to add the relevant Type Rating to the AML.
• Review:
• Part-M
• EASA SUB PART G CAMOs regularly review the aircraft’s maintenance
state (Airworthiness Review). An ARC is issued if found satisfactory.
• Experienced Part-66 Licensed Engineers with the appropriate Type Rating

carry out the Airworthiness Reviews.
• COMPARISON BETWEEN UK&EU LEGISLATION
• For comparison with UK legislation, European Regulations are similar to the ANO
and ANR in intent and authority.
• Just as the ANO is interpreted via the CAA into BCARs, European Law is interpreted
via the EASA into Parts, Certification Specifications, (CS) and Acceptable Means of
Compliance, (AMC).
• Figure aims to show the approximate relationships / comparisons between the

UK’s and European legal systems.
Relationship between UK and
EU Aviation Legislation
UK PARLIAMENT EU PARLIAMENT
issues issues
Civil Aviation Act 1949 Essential Requirements (ERs)

ANO (Regulation/Directive/Decision)
Which go to Which go to
DEPT FOR TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COMMISSION
(SoS for Transport) (Transport Commissioner)
Who issue Who issue
ANRs Implementing Rules (IRs)
Which go to Which go to
CAA EASA
Which issues SARG Which issues
BCARs AWNs Parts CSs
(published as CAPs) (incorporating AMCs & GMs)
• Relationship between UK and EU Aviation Legislation
• UK parliament --------------- European Parliament

• (civil aviation act) ------- (European regulation ERs)
• ANO/ANR -------- European commission (IRs)
• CAA(BCAR) ----- EASA(CS, AMC,and GM
• ER--- ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENT

• IR-IMPLEMENTING RULES
• CS-CERTIFICATION SPECIFICATION
• AMC-ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE
• GM-GUIDANCE MATERIAL
• EU-OPS 1 prescribes the operation of any civil fixed wing aircraft in the Commercial
Air Transport (CAT) category by an operator whose principal place of business is
within the EU, therefore supervised under EASA.
• It does not apply to military, customs or police aircraft.
• Operational Requirements OPS
• OPS 1 civil fixed wing aircraft in Commercial Air Transport (CAT)
• OPS 2 - civil fixed wing aircraft in private aircraft
• Ops 3 - rotary wing Commercial Air Transport (CAT)
• Ops 3 - rotary wing private aircraft
ACTIVITY -3
1. Write a short notes on the following:
A. EASA PART 66
B.EASA PART 147
C. EASA PART 145
D. EASA PART M
E. EASA PART 21
F. EASA PART ORO
G.EASA PART ARO
H.EASA PART CAT
I.EASA PART SPA
2. Explain the between Relationship between UK Legislation and EU Aviation
Legislation .
3.What is the main purpose of BCAR.
4. Write a short notes on CAAIP
5.What are the two main section in EASA Part?
ACTIVITY -3
6. SARG deals with ________________________

7 EU OPS 1 applicable to ______________________________
. EU OPS 2 applicable to ______________________________
8.Expand the term
ER ______________________________
IR_________________________________
AMC_______________________________
GM__________________________________
ANO________________________________
ANR___________________________________
BCAR___________________________________
CS___________________________
CAAIP_______________________
ASSESSMENT TEST 1
• SYLLABUS :ORGANISATIONAL AWARENESS,EASA PART 66.

• MCQ 20 QUESTIONS : 20 MARKS
• ESSAY QUESTIONS ANY ONE WILL BE FOR TEST 1 :10 MARKS
1. What are the various categories and sub categories of EASA
Part 66 license? Explain the experience requirements and
certification privileges of each category in detail.
2. Describe in detail the process of obtaining a Part 66 basic
license and how you can obtain a type approval. Include the
procedures to renew and adding up of Group rating to EASA
part 66 license.
3. Describe the relationship between the IMPLEMENTATION OF
EU AVIATION LEGISLATION AND UK LEGISLATION.
HOME WORK
• PRACTICE THE QUIZ IN KLM UK ONLINE

TRAINING.
• PRACTICE THE WORK BOOK UPLOADED IN
NILAI MOODLE .
• PRACTICE ALL THE ACTIVITIES UPLOADED IN
SLIDES .
PROPELLER SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Propeller pitch distribution

2. Propeller blade tip cropping
3. Propeller blade angle
4. Propeller helix angle
5. Propeller blade pitch angle
6. Propeller efficiency
7. Geometric pitch
8. Effective pitch
9. Propeller slip
10.Propeller blade tracking
11. Propeller synchronising

12. Propeller synchrophasing
13. Propeller blade static balancing
14. Propeller blade dynamic balancing
15. Propeller reduction gearing
16.Function of propeller governor
17.Disadvantages of fixed pitch propeller
18.Advantages of variable pitch propeller
19.Fine pitch, Coarse pitch, Reverse pitch Feathering pitch
20.Functions of spinner in propeller
21.What are the forces acting on the spinning propeller?
22.What are the various materials used in propeller
constructions?
23. Differentiate between tractor and pusher propeller.
24. What condition is the propeller in during take-off?
25. What force tends to increase propeller blade angle?
• What are the disadvantages of fixed pitch propeller? (2

Marks)
• What is meant by propeller blade tip cropping? (2 Marks)
SETARA ’11
Rated by MQA
THANK YOU FOR

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SETARA ’11

EK 2103 AVIATION LEGISLATION

• AVIATION is the practical aspect or art of aeronautics being the design,

• Aviation law is considered as a matter of international law due to nature of air

• 1. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING

2. DIFFERENTIATATE BETWEEN ACCIDENT AND INCIDENT

4.Why Aviation law is called international law?

• CIVIL AVIATION REGULATORY AUTHORITY AROUND THE WORLD (NAA)

• CHICAGO CONVENTION ,1944

Convention on international civil aviation signed at Chicago on 7 th December 1944,to

• INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION (ICAO)

ICAO is a Specialized Agency of the United nations

• On 4 th April 1947, the Chicago Convention contracting states formed the

• ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION

• ICAO consists of 191 Contracting states

• The ICAO has NO EXECUTIVE POWERS to incorporate or introduce legislation into a

• ICAO maintains the Chicago Convention which is a living document

7 Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks

13 Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation

• JOINT AVIATION AUTHORITY JAA

• JOINT AVIATION REQUIREMENTS (JARs)

• TRANSITION FROM JAA TO EASA

• Regulation (Ec) no 1592/2002 of the European Parliament and of the council

• European Aviation Safety Agency EASA is a European union agency with

1. Explain the role of EASA.

• THE UK CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY (CAA)

• THE CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY (CAA)

• The Air Navigation Order (ANO)

• THE AIR NAVIGATION ORDER (ANO)

CTHE ANO APPLIES TO ALL AIRCRAFT REGISTERED IN THE UNITED

• Air Navigation Regulations (ANR)

• Air Navigation Regulations (ANR) In addition to setting aviation standards, the

• Safety & Airspace Regulation Group (SARG)

• Aircraft engineers, whether working in design, manufacturing or maintenance, are

• Safety and Airspace Regulation Group (SARG)

• SARG COMPRISES OF THE FOLLOWING DIVISIONS AND DEPARTMENTS

• BRITISH CIVIL AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS (BCAR)

AIRWORTHINESS NOTICES (AWN)

Airworthiness Notices are available on the CAA web site at

AWN ARE ISSUED TO:

All owners of civil aircraft on the UK register

All Organisations approved by the CAA under the ANO

All holders of an Aircraft Maintenance Engineers License issued

• CAP 562, Civil Aircraft Airworthiness Information and

• RELATIONSHIP WITH NON-EU AVIATION AUTHORITIES

• FEDRAL AVIATION ADMISTRATION FAA

• RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER AVIATION AUTHORITIES

• Many of the rules and regulations concerning operation and maintenance of

• Even the numbers used are similar.

• Each EASA Part and CS is split into two sections:

• Section B – IRs that must be adhered to by the NAA. It may be useful to

• Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) & Guidance Material (GM)

• GM– provides clarification of certain points, for instance providing detail

• EASA PART 21 –AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION

Part-ORO“ Organization Requirements for Air Operations.” Details the

• Part-M “Continuing Airworthiness Requirements.” Details requirements

• Part-145“Maintenance Organisation Approvals.

• Part-66“Certifying Staff.” Details requirements of the qualifications and

• Part-147“Maintenance Training Organization.

• These require the training organization to contract sufficient staff, maintain

• Once approved, Part-147 organizations possess certain privileges such as carrying

• RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARTS ORO,M,145,66 AND 147

• Part-147 MTOs train and/or examine Part-66 Licensed Engineers.