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  • Statistical Modeling: Random Variables, Probability Mass/density Functions, Sample Statistics, Hypothesis Testing

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    This document outlines the key topics in the second unit of a data science course using R, including statistical modeling, random variables, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, and sample statistics. It discusses concepts like random phenomena, probability measures, types of events, probability density functions, sampling, measures of central tendency and spread, graphical analysis techniques, the process of hypothesis testing, and specific tests for comparing population means, variances, and a single population mean.

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    This document outlines the key topics in the second unit of a data science course using R, including statistical modeling, random variables, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, and sample statistics. It discusses concepts like random phenomena, probability measures, types of events, probability density functions, sampling, measures of central tendency and spread, graphical analysis techniques, the process of hypothesis testing, and specific tests for comparing population means, variances, and a single population mean.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    4 views43 pages

    Statistical Modeling: Random Variables, Probability Mass/density Functions, Sample Statistics, Hypothesis Testing

    Uploaded by

    Bobby
    This document outlines the key topics in the second unit of a data science course using R, including statistical modeling, random variables, probability distributions, hypothesis testing, and sample statistics. It discusses concepts like random phenomena, probability measures, types of events, probability density functions, sampling, measures of central tendency and spread, graphical analysis techniques, the process of hypothesis testing, and specific tests for comparing population means, variances, and a single population mean.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 43

    Data Science using R

    UNIT II

    Statistical Modeling: Random variables,


    Probability mass/density functions, sample
    statistics, hypothesis
    testing

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    1
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A
    2
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A
    3
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Random phenomena

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    4
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A
    5
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Probability measure

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    6
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Types of events

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    7
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A
    8
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A
    9
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A
    10
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A
    11
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A
    12
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A
    13
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A
    14
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Chi-square density function

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    15
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Moments of pdf

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    16
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Properties of Gaussian RVs

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    17
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Joint pdf of two RVs

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    18
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    And in general

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    19
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Sample statistics: need for sampling

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    20
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Basic concepts

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    21
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Basic concepts

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    22
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Measures of central tendency: Mean

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    23
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Measures of central tendency: Median

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    24
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Measures of central tendency: Mode

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    25
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Measures of spread

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    26
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Distribution of sample mean and variance

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    27
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Graphical analysis: Histograms

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    28
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Graphical analysis: Box plot

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    29
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Graphical analysis: Scatter plot

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    30
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Hypotheses Testing
    Motivation

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    31
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Hypothesis testing

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    32
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Test of hypotheses: Procedure

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    33
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Test of hypotheses: Remarks

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    34
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Two sided and one sided tests

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    35
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Errors in test of hypothesis

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    36
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Remarks
    • If you reject the null hypothesis when in reality it’s true and
    must have been accepted, you commit Type I error.
    – The LOS is the probability of committing Type I error.
    • if you do not reject the Null hypothesis when in reality the
    alternative hypothesis is true, you commit Type II error.
    P(Type II error)= β.
    – On the other hand if the alternative hypothesis is true and you do
    reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative then you have
    made a correct decision and that correct decision probability is
    known as power of the statistical test and is denoted by 1 - β.
    – You do not control the type II error probability.

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    37
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Remarks
    • Remember that only one of two decisions you
    are going to make:
    – either going to reject the null hypothesis or you
    are not going to reject it.

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    38
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Test for single population mean

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    39
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Test for difference in means

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    40
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Test for difference in variance

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    41
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    Some useful TOH

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    42
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22
    End of second unit

    Dr. K. Sreenivas B.E. VII Semester CSE-A


    43
    Artificial Intelligence Unit- II A.Y: 2021-22

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