BY

Anisha Harsh
Harsha
Rakesh
kumar
Pulak
 The Kingdom of Romania emerged when the
principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were united
under Prince Alexander John Cuza in 1859.
 Independence from the Ottoman Empire was
declared on May 9, 1877, and was internationally
recognized the following year.
 At the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina
and Bessarabia united with the Kingdom of
Romania. Greater Romania emerged into an era of
progression and prosperity that would continue until
World War II.
 By the end of the War, many north-eastern
areas of Romania's territories were occupied by
the Soviet Union, and Romania forcibly became
a socialist republic and a member of the
Warsaw Pact .
 With the fall of the Iron Curtain and the 1989
Revolution, Romania started a series of
political and economic reforms.
 Romania made economic reforms and joined
the European Union on 1 January 2007.
 Romania is now a middle-income country with
high human development
 
 Romania is a country located at the crossroads of
Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the
Balkan Peninsula.
 Romania shares a border with Hungary and
Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Moldova to the
northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
 At 238,391 square kilometers (92,043 sq mi),
Romania is the ninth largest country of the
European Union by area, and has the seventh
largest population of the European Union with
21.5 million people. Its capital and largest city is
Bucharest the sixth largest city in the EU with
about two million people.
 Romania is a secular state, thus having no national
religion. However, an overwhelming majority of
the country's citizens are Christian. 86.7% of the
country's population identified as Eastern
Orthodox.
 Other important Christian denominations include
Protestantism (5.2%), Roman Catholicism (4.7%)
and the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church (0.9%).
Language
 Romanian (official) 91%

 Hungarian 6.7%
 Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%
 other 1.2%

Members
 EU

 WTO

 NATO
 Since December 1989, Romania has pursued a
policy of strengthening relations with the West in
general,
 More specifically with the United States and the
European Union.
 It joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) on 29 March 2004,
 The European Union (EU) on 1 January 2007,
while it had joined the International Monetary
Fund and the World Bank in 1972, and is a founder
member of the World Trade Organization.
 The Constitution of Romania is based on the
Constitution of France's Fifth Republic and was
approved in a national referendum on 8 December
1991.
 The country is governed on the basis of multi-
party democratic system and of the segregation of
the legislative, executive and judicial powers.
 Romania is a parliamentary democratic republic
where executive functions are held by prime
minister. The justice system is independent of the
other branches of government, and is made up of a
hierarchical system of courts culminating in the
High Court of Cassation and Justice, which is the
supreme court of Romania.
 Currently, the prime minister is Emil Boc,
president of the Democratic Liberal Party
 The current President of Romania is Traian
Băsescu, since 20 December 2004.
 With a GDP of around $254 billion and a GDP per capita
(PPP) of $11,860 for the year 2010
 Romania is an upper-middle income country economy
and has been part of the European Union since 1 January
2007.
 In 2006, according to the Romanian Statistics Office,
GDP growth in real terms was recorded at 7.7%.
 Inflation in 2010 was 6.1%.Unemployment in Romania
was at 7.6% in 2010. General government gross debt is
also comparatively low, at 34.8% of GDP.
 Exports have increased substantially in the past few
years, with a 13% annual rise in exports in 2010.
 Romania's main exports are cars, software,
clothing and textiles, industrial machinery,
electrical and electronic equipment, metallurgic
products, raw materials, military equipment,
pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and agricultural
products (fruits, vegetables, and flowers).
 Trade is mostly centered on the member states of
the European Union, with Germany and Italy
being the country's single largest trading partners.
The current account balance in 2010 held a deficit
of $6.842 billion.
Export
 $51.91 billion (2010 est.)

 country comparison to the world: 51 $40.6

billion (2009 est.)

Import
 $59.84 billion (2010 est.)

 country comparison to the world: 43 $50.03

billion (2009 est.)

Imports – commodities
machinery and equipment, fuels and mineral,
chemicals textile and products, metal, agricultural
Products.
Currency
1 Romanian lei = 0.345375 U.S. dollars
 Since 2000, Romania has attracted increasing
amounts of foreign investment, becoming the
single largest investment destination in
Southeastern and Central Europe.
 Foreign direct investment was valued at
€8.3 billion in 2006. According to a 2006 World
Bank report.
 Romania currently ranks 55th out of 175
economies in the ease of doing business.
 Initial greetings are formal and reserved: a
handshake, direct eye contact.
  Romania is a hierarchical society where age and
position are respected.
  Older people are viewed as wise since they have
earned life experience.
  Romanians expect the most senior person, by age
or position, to make decisions that are in the best
interest of the group.
 Titles are very important and denote respect.
. It is expected that you will use a person's title and
their surname until invited to use their first name.
 Romanians prefer to do business with people who
are down-to-earth and.
 They pride themselves on using proper etiquette in
all situations and expect others to do the same.
  When in doubt, start out in a formal style and
allow your business colleagues to progress the
relationship to a more personal level.
 Complimenting and rewarding employees
publicly is not done.
 Generally, the best times to plan appointments
are between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.
.
 Appointments are necessary and should be
scheduled 2 to 3 weeks in advance, preferably by
letter.
 It is often difficult to schedule meetings in July and
August, which is a common vacation time.
 Businesspeople are often unavailable during the
two weeks before and after Christmas and the
week before and after Easter.
  Arrive on time and be prepared to wait.
  Punctuality is common in entrepreneurial
companies or those that frequently do business in
the international arena.
  When dealing with state-run companies, you will
most likely be kept waiting.
  Wait to be told where to sit. There is often a
strict protocol to be followed.
 Do not remove your suit jacket without
permission or until the most senior ranking
Romanian does.
 Expect to spend time getting to know people
before delving into the business purpose of
your visit.
 Presentations should be factual and easy to
understa
 Appreciated Gifts
 Gift should be a prestigious brand name but
not very expensive.
 Gifts of alcohol or crafts from your own
country are often good choices.
 Gift to someone who has been particularly
helpful around the office, good choices include
fine pens, daily planners, silver key chains, or
calculators. Regardless, make sure your gift is a
reputable name-brand!
 During the 1990s and early 2000s, the development of
Romanian science was hampered by several factors, including
corruption, low funding and a considerable brain drain.
However, since the country's accession to the European Union,
this has begun to change. After being slashed by 50% in 2009
due to the global recession, R&D spending was increased by
44% in 2010 and now stands at $0.5 billion. In January 2011,
the Parliament also passed a law that enforces "strict quality
control on universities and introduces tough rules for funding
evaluation and peer review". The country has joined or is
about to join several major international organizations such as
CERN and the EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY. Overall, the
situation has been characterized as "rapidly improving", albeit
from a low base.
 Historically, Romanian researches and
inventors have made notable contributions to
several fields, such as: aeronautics, medicine,
mathematics, computer science/engineering,
physics
 Rapid industrialization since World War II has caused
widespread water and air pollution, particularly in
Prahova County, an oil refining region. The nation has
49 cu km of renewable water sources, with about 59%
used to support farming and 33% used for industrial
purposes. Romania's cities produce on average 3.0
million tons of solid waste per year. Air pollution is
heaviest in the nation's cities, where industry produces
hazardous levels of sulphur dioxide. In 1992, Romania
had the world's 28th highest level of industrial carbon
dioxide emissions, which totaled 122.1 million metric
tons, a per capita level of 5.24 metric tons. In 1996, the
total dropped to 119 million metric tons.
 Damage to the nation's soils from erosion and pollution has
decreased agricultural production by 50% in some areas. Acid rain
originating in Hungary is another environmental problem. Some
water conservation programs were initiated in the mid-1980s, but
the Environmental Protection Law of 1972 has not been strictly
enforced.
 Romania's forests and natural steppe lands have been encroached
on by farmers. Radioactivity from the Chernobyl nuclear site, two
floods, and two earthquakes have also contributed to the nation's
environmental problems. Moreover, intensive exploitation of
forests before, during, and immediately after World War II
necessitated a reforestation program that, between 1950 and 1964,
resulted in the replanting of 1,159,600 hectares.
 The modern legal system in Romania dates back to
the mid-19th century. The Romanian justice system
is based on French, Belgian, Italian and German
models.

The Ministry of Justice was divided into six

directorates:
 civil courts, military courts, studies and legislation,
personnel administration planning and
accounting.
 The Ministry of Justice exercises powers related to
administration of the justice system, execution of
punishments, as well as in connection with the activity of
the Public Ministry, based on strict application of the laws
and in keeping with the democratic principles of the rule of
law, ensuring adequate conditions for the entire justice
system.
 The Romanian Constitution reinstated the Superior Council
of the Magistracy, a body of the judicial authority with
management powers and disciplinary jurisdiction. Its
members are elected directly from the general assemblies of
the magistrates by court levels, their list being forwarded
through the permanent offices of the Chamber of Deputies
and the Senate to the legal commissions with a view to
hearings in a joint session.
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.CIA.com
 www.kwintessential.co.uk
THANK
U !!!!!!