BY Anisha Harsh Harsha Rakesh kumar Pulak

The Kingdom of Romania emerged when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were united under Prince Alexander John Cuza in 1859. Independence from the Ottoman Empire was declared on May 9, 1877, and was internationally recognized the following year. At the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the Kingdom of Romania. Greater Romania emerged into an era of progression and prosperity that would continue until World War II.

By the end of the War, many north-eastern areas of Romania's territories were occupied by the Soviet Union, and Romania forcibly became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact . With the fall of the Iron Curtain and the 1989 Revolution, Romania started a series of political and economic reforms.

Romania made economic reforms and joined the European Union on 1 January 2007. Romania is now a middle-income country with high human development

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south. At 238,391 square kilometers . Romania is the ninth largest country of the European Union by area, and has the seventh largest population of the European Union with 21.5 million people. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest the sixth largest city in the EU with about two million people.

Romania is a secular state, thus having no national religion. However, an overwhelming majority of the country's citizens are Christian. 86.7% of the country's population identified as Eastern Orthodox. Other important Christian denominations include Protestantism (5.2%), Roman Catholicism (4.7%) and the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church (0.9%).

Language Romanian (official) 91% Hungarian 6.7% Romany (Gypsy) 1.1% other 1.2% Members EU WTO NATO

It joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on 29 March 2004, The European Union (EU) on 1 January 2007, while it had joined the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in 1972, and is a founder member of the World Trade Organization.

The Constitution of Romania is based on the Constitution of France's Fifth Republic and was approved in a national referendum on 8 December 1991. The country is governed on the basis of multiparty democratic system and of the segregation of the legislative, executive and judicial powers. Romania is a parliamentary democratic republic where executive functions are held by prime minister. The justice system is independent of the other branches of government, and is made up of a hierarchical system of courts culminating in the High Court of Cassation and Justice, which is the supreme court of Romania.

Currently, the prime minister is Emil Boc, president of the Democratic Liberal Party The current President of Romania is Traian B sescu, since 20 December 2004.

With a GDP of around $254 billion and a GDP per capita (PPP) of $11,860 for the year 2010 Romania is an upper-middle income country economy and has been part of the European Union since 1 January 2007. In 2006, according to the Romanian Statistics Office, GDP growth in real terms was recorded at 7.7%. Inflation in 2010 was 6.1%.Unemployment in Romania was at 7.6% in 2010. General government gross debt is also comparatively low, at 34.8% of GDP. Exports have increased substantially in the past few years, with a 13% annual rise in exports in 2010.

Romania's main exports are cars, software, clothing and textiles, industrial machinery, electrical and electronic equipment, metallurgic products, raw materials, military equipment, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and agricultural products (fruits, vegetables, and flowers). Trade is mostly centered on the member states of the European Union, with Germany and Italy being the country's single largest trading partners. The current account balance in 2010 held a deficit of $6.842 billion.

Export $51.91 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 51 $40.6 billion (2009 est.) Import $59.84 billion (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 43 $50.03 billion (2009 est.)

Imports commodities machinery and equipment, fuels and mineral, chemicals textile and products, metal, agricultural Products. Currency 1 Romanian lei = 0.345375 U.S. dollars

Since 2000, Romania has attracted increasing amounts of foreign investment, becoming the single largest investment destination in Southeastern and Central Europe. Foreign direct investment was valued at 8.3 billion in 2006. According to a 2006 World Bank report. Romania currently ranks 55th out of 175 economies in the ease of doing business.

Initial greetings are formal and reserved: a handshake, direct eye contact. Romania is a hierarchical society where age and position are respected. Romanians expect the most senior person, by age or position, to make decisions that are in the best interest of the group. Titles are very important and denote respect. . It is expected that you will use a person's title and their surname until invited to use their first name.

Romanians prefer to do business with people who are down-to-earth and. They pride themselves on using proper etiquette in all situations and expect others to do the same. When in doubt, start out in a formal style and allow your business colleagues to progress the relationship to a more personal level. Complimenting and rewarding employees publicly is not done. Generally, the best times to plan appointments are between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. .

Appointments are necessary and should be scheduled 2 to 3 weeks in advance, preferably by letter. It is often difficult to schedule meetings in July and August, which is a common vacation time. Businesspeople are often unavailable during the two weeks before and after Christmas and the week before and after Easter. Punctuality is common in entrepreneurial companies or those that frequently do business in the international arena. When dealing with state-run companies, you will most likely be kept waiting.

Appreciated Gifts Gift should be a prestigious brand name but not very expensive. Gifts of alcohol or crafts from your own country are often good choices. Gift to someone who has been particularly helpful around the office, good choices include fine pens, daily planners, silver key chains, or calculators. Regardless, make sure your gift is a reputable name-brand!

During the 1990s and early 2000s, the development of Romanian science was hampered by several factors, including corruption, low funding and a considerable brain drain. However, since the country's accession to the European Union, this has begun to change. After being slashed by 50% in 2009 due to the global recession, R&D spending was increased by 44% in 2010 and now stands at $0.5 billion. In January 2011, the Parliament also passed a law that enforces "strict quality control on universities and introduces tough rules for funding evaluation and peer review". The country has joined or is about to join several major international organizations such as CERN and the EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY. Overall, the situation has been characterized as "rapidly improving", albeit

Historically, Romanian researches and inventors have made notable contributions to several fields, such as: aeronautics, medicine, mathematics, computer science/engineering, physics

Focus on heavy industry has saddled it with a legacy of industrial pollution Romanias Environmental Law of 1973 was never fully enforced A major cyanide spill in Romanias mining region flooded the Danube River with toxic waste polluted drinking water in Romania, Hungary, Serbia, and Bulgaria before dissipating in the Black Sea

Pollution has decreased agricultural production by 50% in some areas The Romanian environmental institutions protect the population from excessive exposure to noise, harmful substances and organisms, non-ionising radiation and natural hazards through its environmental and resources policy

The modern legal system in Romania dates back to the mid-19th century. The Romanian justice system is based on French, Belgian, Italian and German models. The Ministry of Justice was divided into six directorates: civil courts, military courts studies and legislation personnel administration planning and accounting.

The Ministry of Justice exercises powers related to administration of the justice system, execution of punishments, as well as in connection with the activity of the Public Ministry, The Romanian Constitution reinstated the Superior Council of the Magistracy, a body of the judicial authority with management powers and disciplinary jurisdiction. Its members are elected directly from the general assemblies of the magistrates by court levels, their list being forwarded through the permanent offices of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate to the legal commissions with a view to hearings in a joint session.

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