PARTS OF A GALVANIC CELL

1. ANODE – the electrode where oxidation occurs. After a period, the anode
may appear to become smaller as it falls into solution.
2. CATHODE – the anode where reduction occurs. After a period, it may
appear larger, due to loss from solution plating onto it.
3. INERT ELECTRODES – used when gas is evolved or ion to ion involved such
as Fe3+ being reduced to Fe2+ rather than FeO. Made of Pt or graphite.
4. SALT BRIDGE – e device used to maintain electrical neutrality in a galvanic
cell. This may be filled with agar which contains a neutral salt, or it may be
replaced with a porous cup.
5. ELECTRON FLOW - always from anode to cathode (through the wire)
6. STANDARD CELL NOTATION – anode/ solution / cathode solution / cathode
Ex. Zn/Zn2- (1.0M)// Cu2+ (1.0M)/Cu
7. VOLTMETER – measures the cell potential (emf). Usually measured in volts.
 DIFFERENT POTENTIALS

1.POTENTIAL - the magnitude of the ability of a galvanic

cell to push electrons through the external circuit
2.CELL POTENTIAL – the maximum potential that a given
cell can generate.
3.REDUCTION POTENTIAL - the magnitude of the half cell’s
tendency to acquire electrons and proceed as a
reduction.
LECLANCHE DRY CELL - the electrolyte is an acidic water-based paste
containing MnO2, NH4Cl, ZnCl2, graphite, and starch 
 BUTTON BATTERIES the anode is a zinc–mercury amalgam rather than pure
zinc, and the cathode uses either HgO or Ag2O as the oxidant rather than MnO2 
FUEL CELL is a galvanic cell
that requires a constant
external supply of reactants
because the products of the
reaction are continuously
removed.
LEAD–ACID BATTERY is
used to provide the starting
power in virtually every
automobile and marine
engine on the market.
Marine and car batteries
typically consist of multiple
cells connected in series.
The total voltage generated
by the battery is the
potential per cell (E°cell)
times the number of cells.
Electrolysis cell for molten
sodium chloride: A
commercial electrolysis cell
for the production of
metallic sodium and
chlorine gas from molten
NaCl. Liquid sodium floats
to the top of the melt above
the cathode and is drained
off into a storage tank.
Chlorine gas bubbles out of
the melt above the anode.
 APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROLYSIS
Extraction and Refining of Metals:
 In the process of refining of metals the impure metal extracted from its ore is
made anode, the salt of the metal is made electrolyte. Pure metal deposits on
the cathode.
Electroplating:
This is a process of cover articles made of cheap metals by a thin covering of
precious such as iron with nickel or chromium of silver or gold. The article made
of one metal may be electroplated to cover it by another metal with one or
more of the following aims : (i)    decoration (ii) protection against corrosion (iii)
for reconstruction or repair (iv) as an intermediate manufacturing process.
 PERFORMANCE TASK

Prepare a poster on a specific application of one of the

following:
A. Acid-base Equilibrium
B. Electrochemistry
Include in the poster the concepts, principles, and chemical
reactions involved and diagrams of processes and other
relevant materials.