Setting up

Regional Load Dispatch Centers

and National Control Centre
For
Indian Power System

By
A. K. Mishra
Chief Manager
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL GRID

PHASE - II
URI
WAGOORA
(By 2007)
DULHASTI

KISHENPUR RAVI

JULLANDHAR

MOGA TEHRI CHICKEN NECK

BALLABGARH A'PUR
(DELHI RING)

HISSAR
MEERUT
BHUTAN
TALA RANGANADI
LUCKNOW TEESTA
BHIWADI KATHAL-
NR JAIPUR
M'BAD G'PUR
BONGAIGAON GURI
ALLAHABAD
/UNNAO MARIANI
PURNEA
SHIROHI MISA
MALANPUR VARANASI
SILIGURI/BIRPARA
SINGRAULI
500MW
B'SHARIF
ZERDA /BARH KAHALGAON
DEHGAM NAGDA BINA SATNA VINDHYA-
CHAL
N.K. KRISHNA
NER
NAGAR
LIMBDI GANDHAR/
AMRELI KAWAS
SEONI SIPAT
ROURKELA BANGLA
DESH
JETPUR CHEGAON
KORBA
VAPI BHANDARA RAIPUR HIRMA
PIPAVAV
BOISAR
PADGHE CHANDRAPUR TALCHER ER
DHABOL
WR
LONIKAND
1000MW JEYPORE

KOYNA
KARAD
RAMAGUNDAM
GAZUWAKA LEGEND
KOLHAPUR SR EXISTING/ X PLAN
IX PLAN
VIJAYAWADA
PONDA NARENDRA
765 KV LINES

KAIGA SIRSI 400 KV LINES

KRISHNAPATNAM
HVDC B/B
CHITTOOR HVDC BIPOLE
MANGALORE
HOSUR SOUTH CHENNAI
BANGALORE
SINGARPET
KOZHIKODE
CUDDALORE

COCHIN PUGALUR

Back
KARAIKUDI
KAYAMKULAM
KAYATHAR
TRIVANDRUM
 NEED FOR UNIFIED LOAD DISPATCH &
COMMUNICATION (ULDC) SCHEME
-Unified approach in planning, design, procurement and
implementation. 

- To realise real time monitoring and control of Power Grids and
minimize Grid disturbances.

-  ULDC Scheme - hierarchical network of Load Dispatch Canters at

Regional, State and Sub-State level.
 HIERARCHICAL CONTROL CENTRE SETUP
NLDC

5 Nos. NRLDC ERLDC SRLDC NERLDC WRLDC

29 Nos. SLDC SLDC SLDC

48 Nos. SUBLDC SUBLDC SUBLDC

1080 Nos. RTU RTU RTU

 DATA ACQUISITION PRINCIPLE FOR ULDC SCHEME
P Q
DS
P Q
SS P Q SS
DS DC SS DS
SS V F SS SS
SS SS SS SS

SS
SS V F SS SS
DS P Q DS DS
SS
Q
O SS

THE PARAMETERS ARE MONITORED FOR

P MW Q MVAR O TAP POSITION FOLLOWING STATIONS :
•Substations 220 KV and above
F FREQUENCY V VOLTAGE
•132/110KV AC Interstate Tie lines and in loop of 220
SS
SINGLE STATUS KV transmissions system
ISOLATOR POSIITION, PROTECTION,
LOSS OF VOLTAGE •Generating Station above 50MW capacity.

DOUBLE STATUS •Significant stations identified by constituents

DS
CIRCUIT BREAKER POSITION
DIGITALCONTROL
DC
CIRCUIT BREAKER CONTROL
 NORTHERN REGION CONTROL CENTRE HIERARCHY

RTUs
38 nos RLDC

SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC

UPPCL RVPN J&K PSEB BBMB DVB HVPN HPSEB

Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC

5 nos 3 nos 1 no 4 nos 4 nos 2 nos 2 nos
2 nos

RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs

82 nos 79 nos 16 nos 40 nos 21 nos 31 nos 42 nos 16 nos
 FEATURES at Sub-LDC, SLDC & RLDC
SCADA/EMS FUNCTIONS RLDC SLDC Sub-LDC
SCADA
INFORMATION STORAGE &
RETRIEVAL
REAL-TIME DISPATCHING

OPERATIONS SCHEDULING
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

DISPATCHER TRAINING
SIMULATOR
 MAIN FEATURE IN LD &C SCHEME
CENTRALISED COMPUTER BASED CONTROL AND
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
REAL TIME MONITORING & CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEM
OPERATION
REAL TIME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
DYNAMIC PLANNING FOR RELIABLE SYSTEM OPERATION
REAL TIME EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF POSSIBLE
CONTINGENCIES ON THE SYSTEM
QUICK RESTORATION OF GRID IN CASE OF DISTURBANCE
 MAIN FEATURE IN LD &C SCHEME
COORDINATED CONTROL OF MVAR & LOAD FLOW TO
MAINTAIN OPTIMUM VOLTAGE & FREQUENCY PROFILES
OPERATION OF SYSTEM AT IT’S FULL CAPACITY THROUGH
CONTINUOUS CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS
EFFICIENT, RELIABLE & SECURE OPERATION OF GRID.
REAL TIME ENVIRONMENT FOR TRAINING DESPATCHERS
TO COPE WITH CONTINGENCIES
DEVEOPLMENT TOWARDS FORMATION OF NATIONAL LOAD
DESPATCH CENTRE
SCADA - SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION

SCADA SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

NETWORK
EHV Network - SCADA /EMS system
 Distribution Network – SCADA/DMS system
S/S Operation - S/s Automation system
 SCADA
ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL S/S AUTOMATION
DISTRIBUTION TRANSMISSION
NETWORK NETWORK

S/S
DMS FUNCTION EMS FUNCTION AUTOMATION
FUNCTION
 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS SEQUENCE
SCADA Telemetry

Network Topology

Network model State Estimator

Available Control
List of Real time state
contingencies
Base case violations

OPF
Contingencies on current state of
Base case control
system
recommendations

Contingency Analysis
Available Control
Post-contingency
violations

OPF
Post-contingency
control
recommendations
HIERARICHAL SETUP OF INDIAN POWER SECTOR

CENTRAL NATIONAL LEVEL

SECTOR MONITORING OF POWER SYSTEM

CENTRAL REGIONAL LEVEL

SECTOR GENERATION TRANSMISSION

STATE STATE LEVEL

ELECTRICITY
GENERATION TRANSMISSION
BOARD

STATE SUB TRANSMISSION LEVEL

ELECTRICITY
BOARD TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION
 SYSTEM SUPPLIERS

NRLDC SRLDC
AREVA SYSTEM GE SYSTEM

ERLDC
AREVA SYSTEM NLDC
AWARD TO AREVA

NERLDC
WRLDC
AREVA SYSTEM
GE SYSTEM
 Responsibilities of SLDCs and Sub-LDCs

SLDCs
Operation, monitoring and control of state owned power system.

Data Exchange with Sub-LDCs.

Data exchange with RLDC.
Sub-LDCs
Operation, monitoring and control of power system data in its
area.
Data Exchange with SLDCs.
 Responsibilities of RLDC

Operation, monitoring and control of Regional Grids.

Allocation of Central Sector Generation.
Data Exchange with SLDCs.
Data exchange with NLDC.
 RESPONSIBILITIES OF NLDC
 Monitoring operations and ensuring security of National Grid
 Supervision over RLDCs
 Scheduling and dispatch of electricity over inter-regional links in
coordination with the RLDCs
 Supervision and control over the inter-regional links
 Coordination for trans-national exchange of power
 CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM

OTHER ICCP LINKS OTHER

CONTROL CONTROL
CENTRES CENTRES

CONTROL CENTRE (MASTER STATION)

CCOMMUNICATION FRONT END PROCESSOR

                MODEM
IEC 60870 –5-101/ MODEM

104 LINKS
MODEM MODEM

RTU /IEDs RTU/ IEDs

IEC 61850 FOR IEDs

T T T T
CT CT
PT CT CT
PT
C& R PANELS
 TYPICAL CONTROL CENTRE CONFIGURATION

WORKSTATION
JUKE BASED DEVELOPMENT
BOX ICCP
SCADA /EMS ISR OPERATOR
COMMUNICATION
SERVER SERVER CONSOLE CONSOLE SERVER
WITH TWO CRT
LAN 1

LAN 2 FROM GPS

TIME SYNCH
SYSTEM TERMINAL SERVER NMS
CONSOLE
OPRATION
SCHEDULING
DUAL CFE
CONSOLE
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
FRONT END FRONT END PERIPHERALS ROUTER
PROCESSOR PROCESSOR

SPLITTER 1
TO OTHER CONTROL CENTERS
MODEM
VIDEO PROJECTION SYSTEM CHENNEL
/
MIMIC CONTROL BOARD TO RTUs 2X64KBPS
 SCADA FUNCTIONS

DATA ACQUISITION
SUPERVISORY CONTROL
DATA EXCHANGE
DATA PROCESSING
oAlarms
oSequence of Event (SOE) recording
oGeneralised Calculations
DISTURBANCE DATA COLLECTION
HISTORICAL INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVAL
 EMS FUNCTIONS
OPERATION LOAD GENERATION POWER SYSTEM
SCHEDULING BALANCE ANALYSIS

Load forecasting Operation monitoring Network Topology

Inflow forecasting AGC State estimation
Unit commitment Economic despatch Contingency
Hydro scheduling Reserve monitoring analysis
Hydro Thermal Loadshed /Restoration Optimal power flow
Coordination  Production costing Transmission loss
Interchange scheduling sensitivity factors
Interchange transaction Post disturbance
evaluation analysis
Current operating plan
Outage scheduling
 S/S AUTOMATION
REMOTE SCADA
CONTROL OTHER S/S
CENTRE

IEC 60870-5 /DNP

SUBSTATION RTU
IEC 60870-5 /DNP
IEDs AT BAY LEVEL

CPU
CPU
IEC61850
PSTN
REDUNDANT
DISTRIBUTION
BUS
               
S/S
 SCADA SYSTEM FOR REMOTE OPERATION

 SUPERVISION OF All LINE & TRANSFORMER PARAMETERS

 ANALOG ( P,Q,V,F,I, WINDING TEMP, TAP POSITION ETC.)

 MONITORING OF ALL SWICHING DEVICES STATUS

 STATUS ( BREAKER, ISOLATOR ETC.)

 MONITORING OF ALARMS ( CONTROL, PROT. & AUX.SYSTEM )

 REMOTE CONTROL OF SWITCHING DEVICES

 CIRCUIT BREAKERS OPENING, CLOSING INCLUDING SYNCH.

 ISOLATORS OPENING, CLOSING

 TRANSFORMER TAPS RAISE/LOWER

 SCADA SYSTEM FOR REMOTE OPERATION
CONTD.

 REMOTE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ACCEPT/ RESET OF ALARMS

 HISTORICAL DATA STORAGE FOR FUTURE PLANNING

 REMOTE ACQUISITION OF DR & EL DATA

 USER FRRIENDLY FULL GRAPHIC INTERFACE

 REPORT GENERATION FOR MIS PURPOSE

Communication
System
 Dedicated Wideband Communication System

 Overhead Fibre Optic links with SDH technology :

8056 Kms
 Digital Microwave links with PDH technology: 7900
Kms (164 hops)
 Dedicated Network Management Systems (NMS) for
monitoring and control of wideband communication
systems in each region
 Srinagar

Pampore
Udhampur
Kishenpur
Jammu POWERGRID BROADBAND NETWORK
Pathankote Hamirpur
Jallandhar
Amritsar
Moga Shimla
Ludhiana Chandigarh
Hisar
Ambala
Bawana
Panipat
Link to Bhutan
NEW DELHI
Gurgaon
Mandola
Itanagar
Balipara
B’garh
Alwar Dadri Moradabad
Siliguri Bongaiga Tezpur
Agra Lucknow on
Guwah Misa
Kohima
Patna
Jaipur ati
Ko Varanasi Malda
Kanpur
ta Sasaram Shillon
Bhopal
Allahabad Farakk
g Imphal
Gandhinagar Ujjai B’Sharif
a
K’Ghat
n Durgapur
Vindhyachal Agartala Aizwal
Ahmedabad Itarsi Jabalpur Ranchi JamshedpurJeerat
Vadodra Indore Korba
Raipur Rourkela KOLKATA
Nagpur Talch
Surat Dhule BhilaiRengali
Cuttack
er
Nasik Chandrapur Indravati Bhubaneswar

MUMBAI Pune Ramagundam

Khammam
Jeypore Legend:
Vishakapatnam
HYDERABAD Warangal :ULDC OPGW/Overhead
Vijayawada
Karnool N’Sagar ULDC OPGW/Overhead under construction
Gooty Nellore
:ULDC Underground FO Links
Cuddapa
Kolar : ULDC Underground Links under construction
BANGALORE
Mysore CHENN : PDT FO Links
Kannur Salem
Kozikode AI
Coimbatore Trichy : PDT FO Links under construction
Trichur Udumalpet
Kalamassery
Madurai : PDT Underground link
Cochin
Trivandrum : PDT Underground link under construction
 BENEFITS OF LD&C SCHEME
Reduce outages  Reduce loss of
energy
Quick localization of
faults Reduce operational
costs
Improve restoration
time Improve customer
service
Ensure efficient
utilization of substation Better operational and
equipments management control
Improve power quality Availability of historic
data
Reduce maintenance
cost  Better load planning
 CONTROL
R PS MODEL

T
SCADA NT SE
V ALARMS`
S

AGC ED PF CALC.

OPF

SC OPF CS/CA ALARMS

 SLDC

GENERATION
AND
IF HS ITE INTRCHANGE
SCHEDULES
HTC

LF UC IS

CS PLANT
LF
AVAILAB
REGIONAL
GENERATION
AND UC/HS
INTRCHANGE
SCHEDULES

RLDC
THANK YOU
Design of FO communication links
 Selection of transmission lines / routes
 Interconnection plans
 Selection of suitable overhead FO cable(s)
technology
 Selection of cables and associated hardware
fittings & attachments
 Selection of communication transmission
technology (PDH / SDH / DWDM)
 Finalisation of repeater locations for long links
 Plan & Design of Equipment, power supply, air-
conditioning etc
 Type of FO cables being used
 Overhead FO cable : Installed on the transmission
line towers
 Approach cable : To connect overhead FO cable
at the gantry tower with the transmission
equipment in the communication room inside the
sub-station area
 Underground FO cables : Installed inside the
ducts below ground through open cut trenching
or through trenchless digging
 Types of Overhead Fibre Optic Cables

 Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) : Ground wire of

existing transmission line is replaced by OPGW
cable having fibres inside and ground wire outside.

 Wrap Around : FO cable wrapped around ground

wire.

 All Dielectric Self Supporting (ADSS) : FO cable

strung separately on the transmission towers as a
conductor.
OVERHEAD FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION

OPGW

WRAP AROUND

ADSS
 STATUS OF ULDC SCHEMES

REGION STATUS

OPERATIONAL since Jan 2002

NORTHERN

SOUTHERN OPERATIONAL since Jan 2002

OPERATIONAL since Mar 2003

NORTH EASTERN

OPERATIONAL since Sep 2005

EASTERN

WESTERN OPERATIONAL since Sep 2005

NLDC To be commissioned by May 2008

 SCOPE OF WORKS FOR LD&C SCHEMES

Region Total Control Centres (Nos.) Wide band

RTUs Links

RSCC SLDC SUB- Total FO MW

LDC/ Links Hops
CPCC
(Kms.)

Northern 369 1 8 24 33 2142 78

Southern 281 1 4 14 19 2339 35

North- 66 1 7 0 8 964 12
Eastern

Eastern 197 1 5 5 11 1520 40

Western 167 1 5 5 11 1489 0

TOTAL 1080 5 29 48 82 8454 165

 REGIONAL LOAD DISPATCH CENTRE LOCATIONS
SNO CONTROL CENTRE LOCATION

1 NLDC (UNDER IMPLEMENTATION) – Main NEW DELHI

NLDC – Backup Kolkata

2 NRLDC NEW DELHI

3 WRLDC MUMBAI

4 SRLDC BANGALORE

5 ERLDC KOLKATA

6 NERLDC SHILLONG