Click to edit Master title style

ADVANCED
ENGINE TRENDS,
CHALLENGES
& OPPORTUNITIES
Martin John D. Balanag
BSME - V
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 TRENDS
Click to editFOR FUTURE
Master AUTOMOBILE POWERTRAINS
title style

Energy Diversity Powertrain Efficiency

• The diversification of a country's • Ratio of tractive work (integrated

energy sources = energy mix.
• Energy security requires
diversification: commodities
(subject to market forces)
• crude oil
• Coal
• natural gas
power) required to
complete a driving cycle
fuel energy used
• measures the engine's ability to
deliver fuel energy.

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ADVANCED PROPULSION
Click to edit Master title style TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY

Improve Displace Hydrogen Fuel

Vehicle Petroleum Cell-Electric
Fuel Economy Vehicles
and Emissions Battery-Electric
Vehicles (including E-
Hybrid-Electric REV)
Vehicles (including
Plug-in HEV)
IC Engine and
Transmission
Improvements Time

Petroleum (Conventional and Alternative Sources)

Alternative Fuels (Ethanol, Biodiesel, CNG, LPG)
Energy
Electricity (Conv. and Alternative Sources)
Diversity
Hydrogen
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 BIOFUELS
Click to edit TECHNOLOGY
Master title style ROADMAP
1st Generation “Gen 1.5” 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th
Generation

Sugarcane Sugars, Starch  Cellulose

Feedstock: Grasses Designer
Corn Wood Biomass
Sugarbeet, … Cassava Cellulosic Waste Energy
Sweet Sorghum Crops

Ethanol Ethanol Green Biocrude Pyrolysis

Designer
Alcohols to Refinery Final
Hydro-
carbons Fuels Bacteria
Fuels and Conversion Products Convert CO2
FAME Hydro- Biomass-to- Bio-oil to Alcohols Directly to
Biodiesel* treated Liquids Green Fuels Final Fuel
Biodiesel (FT) Products
Soybeans Jatropha Algae
Palm Oil Camellina
Rapeseed etc.
Tallow
Waste Veg.
Oil
Feedstock: Oil-Seed/Waste Lipids  Algae 4 4
 ADVANCED
Click to edit Master title style I.C. ENGINES

Using the synergistic integration of building block technologies, it is

possible to achieve MAXIMUM FUEL EFFICIENCY and MINIMAL
EMISSIONS POTENTIAL for a variety of applications.

Downsized Cylinder Dilute

Boosting Pressure Sensing Combustion Electrification

ECU
EGR Turbo
Cylinder
Pressure
Sensor
Fuel
Injectors

Charge Boosting, Charge Dilution, Active Sensing, and

Electrification will be the focus in the future

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 AUXILLARY
Click to edit POWER
Master title style UNIT MOTIVATION

Why use an APU? Rotary ICE Stirling

– Customer-utility
– Reduce battery weight and cost

What are the tradeoffs?

– ZEV capability (except fuel cell) ?
– NVH
Fuel Otto/
Diesel
Functions of APU: Cell ICE
– Dedicated onboard battery charger Gas Turbine

– No prime mover capability

– Fixed power operation 6 6
 ADVANCED
Click HYBRIDS:
to edit Master OPPORTUNITIES FOR HIGH-
title style
EFFICIENCY ENGINES
Advanced Hybrid engine
Series Hybrids advantages
characteristics

High peak efficiency, wide Narrower load-speed

range of efficient power:
less need for low-load
efficiency
High power density
envelope
Less aggressive transients,
more load averaging

No low-power operation
Low cost
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 ADVANCED
Click to edit HYBRIDS:
Master title style HYBRIDIZATION

Efficiency
Hybridization Upper Bound

Chevrolet Chevrolet
Tahoe Hybrid Silverado Hybrid

Hybridization
• EV Operation
• Load Shifting
• Regeneration Toyota Prius IV Ford Fusion
Conventional
• Stop/Start
Upper
Bound
Buick LaCrosse Honda
Improvements eAssist™
Insight
in Conventional
Powertrain
Opel Astra Volkswagen
Technology Implementation Passat Bluemotion

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 RESEARCH
Click to edit Master title styleCHALLENGES

Characterizing, predicting Surface chemistry and Experiments and

and controlling physics to enable modeling of dense

stochastic
↑-efficiency, near-nozzle sprays and
cycle-to-cycle nozzle internal flow
↓-temperature catalysis
variation in and filtration regions
in-cylinder

(flow, spray, combustion, emissions)

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 RESEARCH
Click to edit Master title styleCHALLENGES

↑ -pressure, dilute Efficient, accurate System integration tools

combustion

reduced chemical kinetic (With real-time calibration,

schemes control and diagnostics)

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