CAR – CAMSHAFT AND VALVE

 
Group 4 :
YUSUF YOSSE SIREGAR (193303003)
BREGAS WAHYU MULIA (193303042)
KHALID MUHAMAD ARZA (193303045)
A camshaft is only a shaft on which cams are installed. The camshaft is
mounted on bearing in the lower part of the cylinder block, most in-line
engines. In some engines, it is placed on the cylinder head.
1.1 Parts of Camshaft
Following are the main parts of camshaft assembly:
1. Cam bearing journals
The cam is a rotating component that provides reciprocating or oscillating
motion to the follower by direct contact. This is typically used to change the
movement from the rotary to linear.

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2. Bearing Shells

The bearing shell is part that is

mounted on the cam bearing journals.
It helps to protect the camshaft from
breaking the engine block in case of
engine failure. Bearing shells keep the
camshaft in a smooth rotation.

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3. Lobes

During the rotation of the camshaft,

the lobes work with the motion of the
piston. The purpose of lobes is to open
and close the valves for intake and
exhaust gases. Its speed usually
depends on the engine speed.

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4. Thrust plate

When using a roller cam you will need

to provide some means to support the
cam at the rear of the engine. The
thrust plate is attached between the
cam and timing gear and mounted on
the front cover for proper end play.

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5. Chain sprocket

A chain sprocket is attached to the

camshaft end of the engine to retain
the timing belt. This sprocket is
attached to a chain. These sprockets
are capable of turning at the same
speed even if they do not touch.

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6. Woodruff key

The woodruff key is also the main part

of the camshaft of the engine that is
used to retain the cams at the right
time.

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1.2 How Camshaft Works?
When the camshaft presses the rocker arm (the trigger of the valve
connecting the camshaft to the valve as a regulator of the rise and fall of the
valve), the valve will automatically open. Conversely, the valve will not open
if the rocker arm does not get pressure from the camshaft.
The camshaft working system requires lubricating oil. Given the workings of
the camshaft is constantly rotating and connected to the timing belt or timing
chain. Make sure the lubricating oil used is of good quality and the volume is
maintained. If the oil is reduced, the camshaft components will become
'weary' and result in engine power.

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Engine valves are mechanical components used in internal combustion
engines to allow or restrict the flow of fluid or gas to and from the combustion
chambers or cylinders during engine operation. Functionally, they perform
similarly to many other types of valves in that they block or pass flow,
however, they are a purely mechanical device that interfaces with other engine
components such as rocker arms in order to open and close in the correct
sequence and with the correct timing.
2.1 Function valve on car engine
Then, what is the function of the valve on a car engine? As you already know,
in general the function of the valve is to control the flow of fluid, whether in
the form of liquid or gas. Well, the valve function on a car engine is not much
different

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2.2 How the valve works on a car engine?
The function of the valve in a car engine is strongly influenced by the
cylinder piston. When the piston moves from TDC (top dead center) to BDC
(bottom dead center) to take the suction stroke, the intake valve will open.
Then, the intake valve will suck the mixture of air and fuel to then be
channeled into the combustion chamber.
Conversely, when the piston moves from BDC to TDC to perform engine
compression stroke, the intake valve will close. The piston will then do the
work and the combustion process begins. After that, the exhaust valve opens
and the exhaust gas which is the rest of the combustion process is removed
from the combustion chamber.
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2.3 Valve mechanism type
There are two types of valve mechanisms commonly used in engines, namely
OHV and OHC. You can see an explanation of these two types of valves
below:
1. OHV (Overhead Valve)
Is a series of valves in the cylinder block. The OHV mechanism is somewhat
complicated because it is connected directly to the crankshaft gear sprocket.
The movement of the valve is influenced by the movement of the teeth that
press the valve lifter and also the push rod.

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2. OHC (Overhead Camshaft)
In addition to OHV, there is also
an OHC or overhead camshaft.
This valve model can be found on
the engine cylinder head. The
location of the components that
are not too deep makes the OHC
easier to reach than the OHV.
Valve mechanism type
3. SOHC (Single Overhead
Camshaft)
For this variety of valve trains,
there is a single camshaft for each
row of engine heads. So a single
cylinder OHC engine will have
one camshaft.
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4. DOHC (Double Overhead
Camshaft)
DOHC is part of the OHC type
which has two camshafts on the
cylinder head. Each cam has two
valves that function to regulate
the entry of the air and gasoline
mixture.
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~SUMMARY~
The camshaft and valves are very important components in the engine, this
component regulates the timing of the Top Dead Point (TDC) and Bottom Dead
Point (TMB) on the motorcycle, as well as opening and closing the intake and
exhaust valves on the engine, therefore the camshaft and valves has a fairly
thorough design so that there are no errors in the combustion system in the
combustion chamber and also as a regulator of the entry of the fuel & air
mixture and the exit of combustion products in the combustion chamber.

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 Big concept
thank you for your attention

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