Advanced Mathematics

Feng Yan

03/20/2022 NUIST 1
 Chapter 2 Plane Analytic
Geometry
1. Plane vector and its operation

2. Straight line

3. Quadratic curve

03/20/2022 NUIST 2
 1.3 Coordinate expression of
vector collinear
Suppose there are 2 vectors a  ( x1 , y1 ), b  ( x2 , y2 )
, a, b are non-zero vectors, we know that
a, b collinear b   a.
In terms of coordinate, we have
( x2 , y2 )   ( x1 , y1 )  ( x1 ,  y1 )
or x1 y1
    x1 y2  x2 y1  0
x2 y2

03/20/2022 NUIST 3
 1.3 Coordinate expression of
vector collinear
So the necessary and sufficient condition of
vectors collinear is
x1 y1
a / /b  b   a    x1 y2  x2 y1  0
x2 y2
, in whicha  ( x1 , y1 ), b  ( x2 , y2 ) are non-zero
vectors.

03/20/2022 NUIST 4
 1.3 Coordinate expression of
vector collinear
Example. There are two vectors a  (4, x), b  ( x, 4)
, they parallel and opposite, try to get x .

Solution.
a  (4, x ), b  (  x, 4) collinear
4 x
 
x 4
 x 2  16  x  4
 a has different direction with b.
 x  4.

03/20/2022 NUIST 5
 1.3 Coordinate expression of
vector collinear
Example. A  (1, 1), B  (1, 3), C  (1, 5), D  (2, 7)

 
, whether AB parallel with CD? whether line AB
parallel with CD?
Solution. 
 
 

 AB  OB  OA  (1  ( 1), 3  ( 1))  (2, 4)
  
CD  OD  OC  (2  1, 7  5)  (1, 2)
 
AB  2CD
 
 AB / / CD
   
AC  OC  OA  (2, 6), AB  (2, 4)
 2 4  2 6  0
 
 AB does not parallel with AB
 A, B, C do not collinear
 straight line ABdoes not overlap with CD
 AB / / CD
03/20/2022 NUIST 6
 1.3 Coordinate expression of
vector collinear
Exercises.

 
1 
1. M  (3, 2), N  (5, 1), MP  2 MN , try to determine P.
Solution.
  
 
MN  ON  OM  (5  3, 1  (2))  (8,1)
Suppose P( x, y )
  
MP  OP  OM  ( x  3, y  2)
accroding to the conditions, we have
1
( x  3, y  2)  (8,1)
2
 x  1

 3
 y  
 2

03/20/2022 NUIST 7
 1.3 Coordinate expression of
vector collinear
  
2.A  (0,1), B  (1, 2), C  (3, 4), AB  2 BC  _( 3, 3) _

3. Under what condition, vector a  b collinear

with a  b ?
Solution.
      
1.if a  b  0 or a  b  0, then a  b, a  b collinear.
   
2.if a  b  0, and a  b, a  b collinear, then there is  , which makes
     
a  b   (a  b), or (1   )a  (1   )b

if b  0, then   1
  1    
if b  0, then   1, a  b, so a / / b
1 
    
finally, a  b, a  b collinear when a / / b.
03/20/2022 NUIST 8