JLA

Kinematics
Average Velocity
  
 The particle’s average velocity during a time
interval Δt = t2 – t1 is defined as
 v = d/t,
 Where v is the average velocity or speed, d is the distance
traveled, and t is the elapsed time
 Ex. 1. It takes 2 hours for a car to travel a distance of 100 km.
 A. What is its average speed in km/h?
 B. How long would it take for this car to travel 20 km?

 Solution:
 A. Given. t = 2 h and d = 100 km
 Required: v = ?
 Formula: v = d/t
 v = 100 km/2 h


V = 50 km/h
Ex. 1.
 B. Given: V = 50 km/h and d = 20 km
Required: t = ?
Formula: d = vt
t = d/v
t = 20km/50 km/h

T = 0.4 h
 Uniform Acceleration

 When an object changes speed during its travel, it is said

to be accelerating. The average acceleration is equal to the
change in its velocity over the elapsed time.

 or,

Other formulas can be derived from these two formulas.

 Summary
------------------ Zero acceleration

t2 ------ V2-free

 ----------- a -free

 ---------- d -free

 ------ t- free
 Ex 2. A car traveling with constant acceleration
covers the distance between two points 70.0 m
apart in 7.0 s. Its speed as it passes the first point
is 5.0 m/s. a) What is its speed at the second point?
b) What is its acceleration?
 
 a. Given:
 d = 70.0 m v1 = 5.0 m/s t = 7.0 s
 Required: v2 =?

 Formula: a is not seen in the given and

required so the formula must be a-free
 ----------- a –free

v2 = 15 m/s
Free Fall Motion
 
Free fall motion is also a motion with constant acceleration equal
to –g where g = 9.8 m/s2 . We call g the acceleration due to
gravity. The following are the equations for free fall motion:
Ex. A ball is thrown vertically upward from the
rooftop of a building 40 m high at a speed of 30 m/s.
It just misses the roof on its way down and strikes
the ground.
 
a. With what velocity will it strike the ground?
b. What maximum height from the roof top will it
reach?
c. What time will it take the ball to reach a height of
5 m?
 
Solution.
 
a. Given:

  
 Required:
  
 Formula: t is not given nor required so t-free

 The – sign signifies that the motion is downward

b. Given: . Given:
 :

 Required:

 Formula: t is not given nor required so t-free


45.9 m
a. Given:

  Required:

 Formula: is not given nor required so -free

­1t - gt2

t - (9.8) t2 , t - 4.9 t2

 t - 4.9 t2

 b t - a t2
 t=
t =
t = =
 = 0.17 S AND = 5.95 S

 The ballSpasses
= 0.17 ANDthe
= height
5.95 S 5
m while moving upward in 0.17 s and then
while moving downward in 5.95 s.
End