DATA SHEET

EXPERIMENT 4

FORCE AND WORK

Names: Clarice Faye Lorraine Pabillaran; Section: BS ChE 1 – PHYS 25.1L EA

Armando III Mata;
Meia Faith Quider;
Chelsea Kaye Salido;
Fritz Marie Tuyogon;
Kieth Elaine Valmores
Date Performed: February 23, 2022 Date Submitted: February 26, 2022

DATA

Mass of the cart: 2 kg

ANGLE DISPLACEMENT APPLIED FORCE WEIGHT COMPONENT WORK DONE BY WORK DONE BY WEIGHT
(o) (m) (N) (N) APPLIED FORCE (J) COMPONENT (J)
30 2.0 9.8 19.6 19.6 -19.60
40 1.5 12.6 19.6 18.9 -18.90
50 1.3 15.0 19.6 19.5 -19.52
60 1.2 17.0 19.6 20.4 -20.37
70 1.1 18.4 19.6 20.24 -20.30
80 1.05 19.3 19.6 20.27 -20.27
90 1.0 19.6 19.6 19.6 -19.60

*Show here your solution for all computations based on the table.

DISPLACEMENT (m)
1m 1m
30o = 200 cm × 100 cm = 2.0 m 70o = 110 cm × 100 cm = 1.1 m
1m 1m
40o = 150 cm × 100 cm = 1.5 m 80o = 105 cm × 100 cm = 1.05 m
1m 1m
50o = 130 cm × = 1.3 m 90o = 100 cm × = 1.0 m
100 cm 100 cm
1m
60o = 120 cm × 100 cm = 1.2 m

WEIGHT COMPONENT (N)

m
w = mg = (2 kg) (9.8 2 ) = 19.6 N
s

WORK DONE BY APPLIED FORCE (J)

30o = wF = Fdcos0 = (2.0 m)(9.8 N)cos0 = 19.6 J
40o = wF = Fdcos0 = (1.5 m)(12.6 N)cos0 = 18.9 J
50o = wF = Fdcos0 = (1.3 m)(15.0 N)cos0 = 19.5 J
60o = wF = Fdcos0 = (1.2 m)(17.0 N)cos0 = 20.4 J
70o = wF = Fdcos0 = (1.1m)(18.4 N)cos0 = 20.24 J
80o = wF = Fdcos0 = (1.05 m)(19.3 N)cos0 = 20.27 J
90o = wF = Fdcos0 = (1.0 m)(19.6 N)cos0 = 19.6 J
WORK DONE BY WEIGHT COMPONENT (J)
30o = ww = Wdcos(θ + 90) = (19.6 N)(2.0 m)cos120 = −19.60 J
40o = ww = Wdcos(θ + 90) = (19.6 N)(1.5 m)cos130 = −18.90 J
50o = ww = Wdcos(θ + 90) = (19.6 N)(1.3 m)cos140 = −19.52 J
60o = ww = Wdcos(θ + 90) = (19.6 N)(1.2 m)cos150 = −20.37 J
70o = ww = Wdcos(θ + 90) = (19.6 N)(1.1 m)cos160 = −20.30 J
80o = ww = Wdcos(θ + 90) = (19.6 N)(1.05 m)cos170 = −20.27 J
90o = ww = Wdcos(θ + 90) = (19.6 N)(1.0 m)cos180 = −19.60 J

*Show here your graph of applied force vs angle and weight component vs angle.

Applied Force vs Angle

25

19.3 19.6
20 18.4
17.0
15.0
Applied force

15 12.6

9.8
10

0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Angle

Graph 1. Applied Force vs Angle

Weight Component vs Angle

25

19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6

20
Weight Component

15

10

0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Angle

Graph 2. Weight Component vs Angle

*Show here your graph of work done by applied force vs angle and work done by weight component vs angle.

Work Done by Applied Force vs Angle

21

20.4
20.5 20.24 20.27
Work Done by Applied Force

20
19.6 19.6
19.5
19.5

18.9
19

18.5

18
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Angle

Graph 3. Work Done by Applied Force vs Angle

Work Done by Weight Component vs Angle

-18.00
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Work Done by Weight Component

-18.50

-18.90

-19.00

-19.52
-19.50 -19.60 -19.60

-20.00
-20.30 -20.27
-20.37

-20.50
Angle

Graph 4. Work Done by Weight Component vs Angle

*Show here your computation for the average slope of each graph.

Δy 𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚1 = =
Δx 𝑥2 − 𝑥1

mave for applied force vs angle

Δy 9.8 N−0 N Δy 18.4 N−17.0 N
m1 = Δx = 30°−0° = 0. 33 N m5 = Δx = = 0.14 N
70°−60°
Δy 12.6 N−9.8 N Δy 19.3 N−18.4 N
m2 = Δx = = 0.28 N m6 = Δx = = 0.09 N
40°−30° 80°−70°
Δy 15.0 N−12.6 N Δy 19.6 N−19.3 N
m3 = Δx = = 0.24 N m7 = Δx = = 0.03 N
50°−40° 90°−80°
Δy 17.0 N−15.0 N
m4 = Δx = = 0.20 N
60°−50°

Using 90°, 19.6 N and 30°, 9.8 N

Δy 19.6 N−9.8 N
m = Δx = = 0.16 N
90°−30°

Using 80°, 19.3 N and 40°, 12.6 N

Δy 19.3 N−12.6 N
m = Δx = = 0.16 N
80°−40°

mave = 0.16 N

mave for weight component vs angle

Δy 19.6 N−0 N Δy 19.6 N−19.6 N
m1 = Δx = 30°− 0° = 0.65 N m5 = Δx = =0N
70°−60°
Δy 19.6 N−19.6 N Δy 19.6 N−19.6 N
m2 = Δx = = 0N m6 = Δx = = 0N
40°−30° 80°−70°
Δy 19.6 N−19.6 N Δy 19.6 N−19.6 N
m3 = Δx = = 0N m7 = Δx = = 0N
50°−40° 90°−80°
19.6 N−19.6 N
m4 = = 0N
60°−50°

Using 90°, 19.6 N and 30°, 19.6 N

Δy 19.6 N−19.6 N
m = Δx = = 0N
90°−30°

Using 80°, 19.6 N and 40°, 19.6 N

Δy 19.6 N−19.6 N
m = Δx = = 0N
80°−40°

mave = 0 N
mave for work done by applied force vs angle
Δy 19.6 J−0 J Δy 20.24 J−20.4 J
m1 = Δx = 30°−0° = 0.65 J m5 = Δx = 70°−60° = −0.016 J
Δy 18.9 J−19.6 J Δy 20.27 J−20.24 J
m2 = Δx = = −0.07 J m6 = Δx = = 3 × 10−3 J
40°−30° 80°−70°
Δy 19.5 J−18.9 J Δy 19.6 J−20.27 J
m3 = Δx = = 0.06 J m7 = Δx = = −0.067 J
50°−40° 90°−80°
20.4 J−19.5 J
m4 = = 0.09 J
60°−50°

Using 90°, 19.6 J and 30°, 19.6 J

Δy 19.6 J−19.6 J
m = Δx = = 0J
90°−30°

Using 80°, 20.27 J and 40°, 18.9 J

Δy 20.27 J−18.9 J
m = Δx = = 0.03 J
80°−40°

Using 70°, 20.24 J and 50°, 19.5 J

Δy 20.24 J−19.5 J
m = Δx = = 0.03 J
70°−50°

mave = 0.03 J

mave for work done by weight component vs angle

Δy −19.6 J−0 J Δy −20.30 J−(−20.37) J
m1 = Δx = 30°−0° = − 0.65 J m5 = Δx = = 7 × 10−3 J
70°−60°
Δy −18.90 J−(−19.60) J Δy −20.27 J−(−20.30) J
m2 = Δx = = 0.07 J m6 = Δx = = 3 × 10−3 J
40°−30° 80°−70°
Δy −19.52 J−(−18.90) J Δy −19.6 J−(−20.27) J
m3 = Δx = = −0.062 J m7 = Δx = = 0.067 J
50°−40° 90°−80°
−20.37 J−(−19.52) J
m4 = = −0.085 J
60°−50°

Using 90°, -19.6 J and 30°, -19.6 J

−19.6 𝐽−(−19.6 𝐽)
m= = 0𝐽
90°−30°

Using 80°, -20.27 J and 40°, -18.9 J

−20.27 𝐽−(−18.9 𝐽)
m= = −0.03 𝐽
80°−40°

Using 70°, 20.30 J and 50°, 19.52 J

−20.30 𝐽−(−19.52 𝐽)
m= = −0.03 𝐽
70°−50°

mave = -0.03 J
*Input your answers after each question.

1. Discuss the relationship between each force and the angle of inclination. What does the slope of the
graphs represent?
In an inclined plane, the forces acting upon the objects involves finding the force of gravity
(𝐹𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣 ). The force of gravity can be resolved into two components, namely, the perpendicular
component and the parallel component. The perpendicular component of the force of gravity (𝐹⊥ ) is the
downward force directed opposite to the normal force and as such, balances the normal force. On the
other hand, the parallel component of the force of gravity (𝐹∥ ) is literally the parallel force and not
balanced by any other force. Objects in inclined planes with no friction, parallel component of the force
of gravity is equivalent to normal force and can be calculated using the equation mass times gravitational
force times cosine theta (𝐹⊥ = 𝑚𝑔𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃). While parallel component of the force of gravity is the net
force and can be calculated using the equation mass time gravitational force times sine theta (𝐹∥ =
𝑚𝑔𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃). In this experiment, it can be observed that the relationship between each force and angle
inclination is directly proportional to each other. Based on the data, as the angle increases, the
component of force parallel (applied force) to the incline increases and the component of force
perpendicular to the incline decreases. However, force perpendicular can be ignored here because only
applied force was done on the object, proving that that their relationship to the angle corresponds to
each other.

In an inclined plane, the slope determines the gradient or steepness or how much of that force
is "effective" in inducing the object to move. The larger the slope, the greater the steepness of the line
and the greater the component of the force of gravity acting upon the object. However, if the slope of
the incline is less steep, then there is little component of the gravitational force acting upon the cart.
Also, a line with positive slope has upward movement, while a line with negative slope has a downward
movement. However, if a line, specifically, horizontal line has no slant, then it has a slope of 0, similar to
the slope of the weight component vs angle.

2. Discuss the relationship between the work done of each force and the angle of inclination. What does
the slope of the graphs represent?
The work done by the applied force and the angle of inclination is the inverse of the work done
due to weight and its corresponding angle of inclination. This is in line with Newton’s third law of motion
which promulgates that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. With this, it is evident
that this also applies to work as the forces used are just the same magnitude but differ only in the
direction of their forces opposite of each other. The slope also indicates that the value trends are in
opposition to one another, as one has a positive value while the other has a negative value. As a result,
the work done by these two forces is opposites of the same magnitude at a given angle of inclination.

3. Discuss the conversion of energy from this simulation.

In this simulation, the object has gravitational energy stored because of its elevation, as well as
potential energy based on its height and mass. When the work that is done on the object is against
gravity attraction, it’s energy transforms into potential energy. On the other hand, mechanical energy is
present in the cart that is drawn into the inclined plane.

4. Give another example/application of energy conversion. Discuss your answer.

Energy conversion is the process in which one kind of energy changes into another kind and when
the energy changes in this way, the energy isn’t used up or lost. Based on this definition, another example
or application of energy conversion is sliding down on a water slide. This is an example of energy
 conversion because when a person is at the top of the water slide, the person exerts potential energy
because of the pull of gravity. For that same reason, as the person moves down the slide, the person’s
potential energy changes into kinetic energy and by the time the person reaches the bottom, all the
potential energy has changed to kinetic energy.

References:
Maplesoft. (n.d.). Slope, normal force, and gravity. Retrived on February 25, 2022, from
https://www.maplesoft.com/support/help/maple/view.aspx?path=MathApps%2FSlopeNormalForceAndGravit
y
The Physics Classroom. (n.d.). Inclined planes. Retrived on February 25, 2022, from
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-3/Inclined-Planes
WikiEducator. (2014, January 02). Line with different slopes. Retrived on February 25, 2022, from
https://wikieducator.org/Lines_with_different_slopes#:~:text=A%20line%20with%20a%20positive,has%20a%
20slope%20of%200.

Guide:

mgsin θ