Artificial Respiration

and Cardiopulmonary
Resuscitation

LESSON 3
 AR

Artificial Respiration (AR) is a procedure

to manually pump or blow air into the
lungs of a person when the normal or
natural breathing is inadequate or has
ceased.
 CPR

– Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an

emergency procedure done to continue the
circulation of oxygen and blood inside a person’s
body when cardiac and respiratory functioning
has stopped. This is an effort to preserve brain
functioning by allowing oxygen to circulate from
the lungs to the brain arteries.
Compression- an action done by the first aider in the
administration of CPR wherein the hands and arms are
used to manually pump the heart of the victim in a
definite rhythm to continue the circulation of blood
from the lungs to the heart to the brain, when cardiac
functioning has stopped.
Ventilation- an action by the first
aider in the administration of CPR
that allows air to enter the lungs of
the patient, either by mouth to
mouth delivery or by an artificial
airway.
–Defibrillator is a machine used
parallel with CPR that delivers a
measured amount of electric
shock to restore an appropriate
rhythm for the heart’s natural
pacemaker.
 Method
of
Conducting
AR/CPR
1. Survey the Scene. In every rescue, safety
is the primary consideration.
2. Introduce your self to The public.
3. Checking if the patient is Conscious or
Unconscious
4. Tap the shoulder of the victim three times
to assess for responsiveness. if the victim
responds in any way, such as groaning or
talking, check for injuries and place in the
recovery position if there are none.
5. Ask for help and activate medical
assistance or EMS (Emergency Medical
Services or Ambulance) or call for an D – Deformity
ambulance. C – Contusion
– If the victim is unresponsive, the A – Abrasion
rescuer shall request a specific person P – Puncture
to call for an ambulance or a vehicle B – Burn
for transportation. The person may be T – Tenderness
identified by the color of the shirt or L – Laceration
by asking his or her name. Rescuers S – Swelling
may be guided with the letters
DCAPBTLS in the preliminary survey:
6. Check for vital functioning. If the victim is
unresponsive, check for the pulse and breathing
for about 5 seconds. Apply Look-Listen-Feel to
assess breathing and check the pulse of the victim
to assess circulation.
 How to Administer AR

– If the victim is unresponsive, check the pulse and

breathing for about 5 seconds.
– Use your index and middle finger to assess the radial
pulse or the carotid pulse.
– If breathing is negative but the pulse of the victim is
positive, perform Artificial Respiration AR by following
this procedure.
 Artificial Respiration Procedures
o Remove any foreign objects inside the mouth (if present) such
dentures, or retainers. If there are fluids in the mouth, turn the
patient sideways to drain fluid with gravity
o Open airways using the Head Tilt-Chin lift method the Jaw-Thrust
Method (if there is suspected spinal cord injury).
– The Head Tilt- Chin Lift Manuever will cause the tongue to move
up from the airway.

– The Jaw Thrust Maneuver is done in cases of suspected spinal

injury to avoid injury to the brain stem and spinal cord.
o Pinch the nostrils with the thumb and index finger
then place your mouth over the victims mouth.
Blow air into the victim’s airway, making sure that
no air escapes as you blow into the mouth, then
watch for the rising of the chest. If the chest does
not rise, then check the airway for any obstruction.

o If the chest rises, continue AR until the victim

breathes on his or her own, or until medical
assistance arrives.
o Pinch the nostrils with the thumb and index finger
then place your mouth over the victims mouth.
Blow air into the victim’s airway, making sure that
no air escapes as you blow into the mouth, then
watch for the rising of the chest. If the chest does
not rise, then check the airway for any obstruction.

o If the chest rises, continue AR until the victim

breathes on his or her own, or until medical
assistance arrives.
 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

– If breathing and pulse are negative, apply CPR:

o Put the victim on his or her back onto a flat, hard surface or
a cardiac board.
o Spell CAB
C- irculation
A- irway
B- reathing

o Kneel next to the person’s neck and shoulders.

o Place the heel of the dominant hand on the center of
victim’s chest, between the nipples or between the
breasts
o Place the non- dominant hand over the dominant hand.
Interlace the fingers but make sure the force is delivered
onto the heel of the hand and not on the fingers.
o Keep elbows straight and position shoulders directly
above the hands.
– Use the force from the shoulders and arms to push
straight down on the chest for at least 2 inches in depth.
Push hard at a rate of 100 compressions per minute.
– After 30 Compressions , deliver 2 ventilations following
the procedure for Artificial Respiration.
– Thirty compressions with 2 ventilation is 1 cycle. Perform
5 cycles then reassess vital functioning.
 CPR for Infants

– Airway
Check baby’s mouth for airway blockages like the
tongue, food, vomit or blood. If there’s a
blockage, use your little finger to clear it. Place
baby on their back with their head in a neutral
position (head straight, chin not bent down or
up) to open their airway.
– Breathing
If there are no blockages or you’ve cleared
blockages, check for breathing. Look for chest
movements, listen for breathing sounds, or feel
for breath on your cheek.
– Baby breathing normally? Place baby in the
recovery position on their side with their head
tilted down. Check baby regularly for breathing
and responses until the ambulance arrives.

Baby not breathing? Baby not responding or

baby breathing abnormally? Start CPR.
 CPR for Infants

– Put two fingers in the center of baby’s chest. Do

30 compressions at a rate of 2 compressions per
second. Each compression should push the chest
down by about one third.
– Hold baby’s head so that their chin doesn’t drop
down. Take a breath and seal baby’s mouth and
nose with your mouth. Blow gently and watch for
the chest to rise. Take another breath with your
head turned towards baby’s chest. Watch, listen or
feel for air leaving the chest. Repeat.
 – Keep giving 30 compressions followed by 2
breaths until medical help arrives. If baby starts
breathing normally and responding, put baby into
the recovery position. Keep watching baby’s
breathing. Be ready to start CPR again at any
time.

https://raisingchildren.net.au/newborns/safety
CPR - child 1 to 8
years old - series—
Chest compressions
• Place the heel of one hand on the
breastbone -- just below the nipples.
Make sure your heel is not at the
very end of the breastbone.
• Keep your other hand on the child's
forehead, keeping the head tilted
back.
• Press down on the child's chest so
that it compresses about 1/3 to 1/2
the depth of the chest.
– Give 30 chest compressions. Each time, let
the chest rise completely. These
compressions should be FAST and hard with
no pausing. Count the 30 compressions
quickly:
"1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,1
8,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30, off."
CPR TRAINING