morpheme

Bases
Prepared By: Supervisor:Ahmed Jabar
Hassan Fakhir
Birhat jamal

2021-2022
 Bases
A base morpheme is the part of a word that has the
principal meaning. The italicized morphemes in these
words are bases: denial, lovable, annoyance, re-enter.
Bases are very numerous, and most of them in English
are free morphemes; but some are bound, like -sent in
consent, dissent, and assent. A word may contain one
base and several affixes.
 Bases
All the bases in the preceding exercise are free bases. Now we
shall look at bound bases, to which it is sometimes hard to
attach a precise meaning. A good number of bound bases in
English come from the Latin and Greek, like the -sent- in
sentiment, sentient, consent, assent, dissent, resent. The
standard way to pin down the meaning is to search for the
meaning com mon to all the words that contain the base (in
these words, -sent- means "feel"). A base may have more than
one phonemic form. In the above list it has these forms:
/sentr-/, /senš-/, /-sent/, and /-zɛnt/. Here is an exer
 Bases
Exercise 8-4
Underline the bases in these words.

1. womanly 9. befriend
2. endear 10. Bostonian
3. failure 11. unlikely
4. famous 12. prewar
5. infamous 13. subway
6. lighten 14. falsify
7. enlighten 15. unenlivened.
8. friendship
 Bases
Exercise 8-5

Write in the blanks the meaning of the italicized bound bases. To be exact, we
should write these words below in phonemic script to show the various forms of
the base, but this would involve a complication that will be ex plained later. So
here we must be content to indicate the base in a loose way with spelling.

1. audience, audible, audition, auditory

2. oral, oration, oracle, oratory

3. aquaplane, aquatic, aquarium, aquanaut 5. photography, xerography, biography,

calligraphy
 morpheme
morpheme
Boy

• Smallest meaningful unit

that carries a meaning or
serves a grammatical
function.
THANKS
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