DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION

• Process of interaction and integration among the

people, companies, and governments of different
nations, a process driven by international trade and
investments aided by information technology. (Levin
Institue, 2016)
• Process that based on international strategies, aims
to expand business operations on a worldwide level,
and was precipitated by the facilitation of global
communications due to technological
advancements, and socioeconomic, political and
environmental developments. (Pologeorgis, 2017)
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

• It refers to the increasing interdependence

of world economies as a result of the
growing scale of cross-border trade of
commodities and services, flow of
international capital and wide and rapid
spread of technologies. (Shangquan,
2000)
 MILITARY GLOBALIZATION

• It is the process which embodies the

growing extensity and intensity of
military relations among the political
units of the world system. Understood
as such it reflects both the expanding
network of worldwide military ties and
relations, as well as the impact of key
military technological innovations
(from steamships to satellites), which
over time, have reconstituted the world
into single geostrategic space.”
MILITARY GLOBALIZATION

• *In deeper studies, globalization promotes global war

economy which results in many deaths and loss of
human life.
• *Based on the article published by Stephen Staples
(2000), he said that “Globalization and militarism
should be seen as two sides of the coin. On one side,
promotes the conditions that lead to unrest,
inequality, conflict, and ultimately, war. On the
other side, globalization fuels the means to wage war
by protecting and promoting the military industries
needed to produce sophisticated weaponry. This
weaponry in turn is used—or its use is threatened—
to protect the investments of transnational
corporations and their shareholders”.
 CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION

• CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION- is the

transmission of ideas, meanings, and
values around the world in such a way
as to extend and intensify social
relations. This process is marked by the
common consumption of cultures that
have been diffused by the Internet,
popular culture media, and international
travel.
• *Vanishing Cultures
ECOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION

some studies suggest that the

process of globalization has many
consequences in our ecology. Life
for example, the industries that
contributes to the pollution in the
environment. Moreover, the toxic
waste of different manufacturing
companies that is thrown on the
bodies of water.
 GLOBALIZATION AND POLITICS

• Through globalization, political

issues such as the rights of women
and children are now discussed.
• Negative effect in politics:
Globalization has internationalized
crimes.
GLOBALIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY

• Technology really plays a

huge part in the life of every
individual. Through the
advancement of technology,
we can now already
communicate with others
despite the distance that
separates us.
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF THE TERM
“GLOBALIZATION”

• Started long before the European Age of Discovery and

voyages to the New World, some even to the 3 rd millennium BC
• 1820’s- beginning of large-scale globalization
• Late 19th century and early 20th century- the connectivity of the
world’s economies and cultures grew very quickly.
• 1897- Charles Taze Russell “corporate giants”
• 1930- “globalize” appeared in Towards New Education-
denoted a holistic view of human experience in tradition
• Late 1970’s- “globalization” was coined; 2013- “borderless
society” referring to international migration.
HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF THE
TERM “GLOBALIZATION”

• Early part of 1981, “globalization” had been used in

its economic sense; late half of the 1980’s,
Theodore Levitt popularized the term by bringing it
into the mainstream business audience.
• Late in 2000, the International Monetary Fund
(IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization:
a) trade and transactions, b) capital and
investment movements, c) migration of knowledge
and d) dissemination.
• 2017- the word globalization was often used in
teaching, in discussion, in meetings and
conferences, in lectures and so on.
• 2018- the phenomenon of globalization is now on
full swing in all academic disciplines.
REASONS FOR GLOBALIZATION

• Why do we have to globalize especially at this

contemporary world? Here are the reasons:
• 1. Rapid shrinking of time and distance across the
globe. One can easily cross the bridge going to the
other side of the market place due to advance tools
of technology than before.
• 2. Domestic markets are no longer rich as a
consequence of many interlocking factors.
• 3. Companies and institutions go global to find
political and economic stability which is relatively
good in other countries than the country of origin.
• 4. To get technological and managerial know-how of
other countries due to their advancement in
science, technology, education, health, and other
fields of discipline.
REASONS FOR GLOBALIZATION

• 5. To reduce high transportation costs if one

goes globally using the advance tools of
communication and information.
• 6. To be close to raw materials and to
markets for their finished products which
are not available in the country of origin.
• 7. The creation of the World Trade
Organization (WTO) had made it possible in
stimulating increased cross border trade.
There are other world bodies like the UN and
several arbitration bodies where countries
agree.
 IMPORTANCE OF GLOBALIZATION

• In today’s contemporary world, it is important for students to understand and appreciate the study of
globalization for the following reasons:
• 1. There is a greater demand in business and industry, health, engineering and technology to have people
who can work with people of other nations and cultures.
• 2. There is a greater demand of promoting the local business and industry to other countries and if need be,
owners travel independently and internationally for a better promotion.
• 3. The contemporary world face global challenges that will take interdisciplinary groups to solve these
challenges: These challenges are: how to provide access to clean water, clean environment, clean renewable
energy that is affordable to everyone and how to deal with the unpredictable climate change just to name a
few. These global challenges need to be solved as soon as possible through gathering and sharing of
information across disciplines, institutions, and other entities in a global scale.
• 4. Creating meaningful, harmonious, and workable relationship that link globally is an important aspect of
the advantage of globalization.
 PHILOSOPHY UNDERLYING
GLOBALIZATION

• Globalization is the one of the most widely spread recent,

cultural, social, economic, and political phenomenon which has
strongly marked the discourse of the humanities and social
sciences. This new, not yet constituted era poses multiple
challenges in which there is a room for novel theoretical
paradigm in this new emerging world.
 PHILOSOPHY UNDERLYING
GLOBALIZATION

• The concept of globalization has only recently been widely

accepted and adapted—words like global, globalist,
globalization, globalism as well as the concepts of global market,
global ecology, global citizen; it’s more truly unknown up to the
very end of the 20th century.
• Discussion of world issues used the derivatives of “international”
rather than “global” relations because of the recent popularized
new concept of “globalization” has resulted in innumerable
contradicting definitions of the same.
• While, normatively speaking, some people associate
globalization with progress, prosperity, and peace, some others
consider it to be retrogression, disaster and decay.
 PHILOSOPHY UNDERLYING
GLOBALIZATION

• The common and indisputable characteristics of all its definitions

is the view that globalization is “a process of economic, social,
culture and political activity, which transcends nation-state
borders and that it pertains to the world as a whole.” It is within
this context that the multi-dimensionality of the globalization
process comes to the face.
• Globalization is a complex and controversial process of the
building of the world as a whole due to the creation of global
institutional structures and global cultural forms like a free market
(economic unification of the world with uniform patterns of
production and consumption; democratic integration of the world
based on common interest of humankind, such as equality, human
rights protection, rule of law, peace and security, and moral
integration of the world based on humanistic values—instead of
national state particularism.
 PHILOSOPHY UNDERLYING
GLOBALIZATION

• The point here is that, globalization has had positive and

negative effects and therefore, a deep approach is needed
when discussing the concept. What is undeniable is that
GLOBALIZATION is here to stay hence it is better for the
countries in the global economy to embrace the concept
and live with it in this contemporary world.