Educational Publisher Professional Organization

• Educational publishers gave the United States an

unofficial national curriculum
• Example: ASCD, the National Council of Teachers of English,
the National Council for the Social Studies, the National
• While we still have educational publishers, the
Association of Teachers of Mathematics, and the American
textbook is in a state of transition.
Educational Research Association
• Textbook is being made available electronically and
• They are formalizing networks of schools (and school
is being made available electronically (e-book)
districts) to communicate curricular concerns, mount
• Educational publishers are also involved in
curriculum studies, and publish reports that set curricular
producing computer learning modules to enhance
guidelines and standards.
curricular offerings.
OTHER Participants in
PARTICIPANTS Curriculum
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
• Became a powerful forces in determining educational
materials and their uses in 1960s.
• Fullan delineates that government should and can
push for accountability, should and can provide
incentives, and should and can foster capacity
building.
• The Passage No Child Left Behind in 2002 only
stressed the push for accountability.
•
Presentsly, the federal Government’s passage, Race to
the Top included all three in encouraging school
districts to apply for federal dollars for educational
innovations.

Other People and Groups

• Colleges and universities
• Business and private industry
•
•
Minority groups
Various foundation such as The
Ford, Rockefeller and Kettering.
Testing Organization
• Example: Educational Testing Service and
Psychological Corporation, have also
contributed to a national curriculum.
• Many state departments of education
have become involved in testing, thereby
influencing the specifics of curricula and
the time spent on the specifics.
Development
REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
• Reginal educational laboratories provides guidance in the production of
educational materials and furnishes consultants who serve on planning
STATE AGENCIES
• State have increased their role in educational policy
teams.
making.
• Research and development (R&D) centers, both federally and privately
• Growing state involvement is partly based on the
funded, investigate curricular problems.
position that managing education is a state function,
• R&D centers also aid curriculum specialists by documenting the
• State legislatures publish guidelines on what will be
effectiveness of particular programs or approaches.
taught, also mandate courses such as driver and drug
• Intermediate school districts (also called educational service districts)
education.
are offices or agencies that occupy a position between state
• Have initiated minimum-competency and gate-
departments of education and local school districts.
keeping tests aimed at upgrading academic content
• Intermediate districts have provided school districts with resource
and standards.
personnel in such general areas of education , specialized areas and
• play roles in determining competency and certification
more specific areas.
requirements for teachers, supervisors, and
• General (e.g. curriculum, instruction), Specialized ( e.g. Gifted and
administrators.
disabled students) & More specific ( e.g. prekindergarten & vocational
education)