CHAPTER 17

Adverb Clauses
 Kelompok 6

Vania Jelita Putri (11170140000012)

Reni Nabella (11200140000017)
Rahila Amani (11200140000018)
Nova Khaeriza (11200140000019)
 Introductio
n
Independent Clause: An
independent clause is a complete
sentence. It contains the main
subject and verb of a sentence
(main clause).
Dependent Clause: A dependent
clause is not a complete sentence.
It must be connected to an
independent clause.
Adverb Clauses are used to show relationships between ideas. They
show relationships of time, cause and effect, contrast, and condition.
Adverb clauses are dependent clauses. They cannot stand alone as a
sentence in written English. They must be connected to an independent
clause.
USING ADVERB CLAUSES TO SHOW CAUSE AND
EFFECT
The conjunctions we can use in a 'cause' clause are:
because / since / now that
"Because" and "since" have the exact same meaning in
a cause-effect sentence. However "now that" adds
another factor - a sense of timing related to 'now'.

Example:
An adverb clause may precede or follow
independent clause.
1. Because he was sleepy, he went to
bed.
2.He went to bed because he was sleepy.
USING ADVERB CLAUSES TO SHOW CAUSE AND
EFFECT
3.Now that the semester is over, I’m going to
rest a few days and then take a trip
4.Since Monday is holiday, we don’t have to go
to work .

Now that is used for present causes of

present or future situations.
Since is used to mean “because it is a fact
that“ or “given that it is true that.”
Exercise
E X P R E S S I N G CONTRAST ( UNEXPECTED RESULT): U S I N G
EVEN THOUGH

1.Because the weather was cold, I didn’t go swimming.

2.Even though the weather was cold, I wentswimming.
3.Because I wasn’t tired, I didn’t go to bed.
4.Even though I wasn’t tired, I went to bed.

Because is used to express expected

results. Even though is used to express
unexpected results.
Note: Like because, even though introduces
an adverb clause.
USING WHILE OR WHEREAS

While and Whereas are two conjuctions which many people confused to their close similarity meanings, but
their should be used differently.

While : to expresses time and introduces a time clause, used when comparing things, situations, or people and showing how they are
different and used for saying that although you accept that something is true, there are also doubts or facts that you cannot ignore

Example : W h i l e I agree with you, I do not believe that your way is best
Whereas : used for comparing two things, people, situations etc and showing that there is an important difference between them
Example : He loves foreign holidays, w h e r e a s his wife prefers to stay at home

Whereas means the same as while in sentences expressing contrasts.

It does not mean the same as while when while refers to time
If-Clauses
A conditional sentences typically consists of an if- clause (which presents a condition) and a
result clause. Also called “ adverb clauses if conditions
Using a present tense, although the verb in the result may refer ot a future situation / event Are contains with
Possible condition and Result.
Example :
a. If I don’t eat breakfast, I always get hungry during
class. Possible condition : i don’t eat breakfast
Result : i always get hungry during class
b. If it rains, we should stay home.
Possible condition : it rains
Result : we should stay at home
a. If i study, i will pass
the exam. Possible
condition : i study Result
: i will pass the exam
Adverb Clauses of Condition:
Using Whether or Not and Even If
Adverb clauses of condition gives the circumstances under which the action in the main
clause will take place. Adverb clauses of condition are introduced by many subordinating
conjunctions: whether or not, even if, in case, in the event that etc. These adverb clauses
answer the question how.

Whether or not expresses the idea that neither this condition nor that condition matters (the
result will be the same).

Even if is close in meaning to whether or not and gives the idea that a particular condition
does not matter (the result will not change).
They can be placed at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence. When placed at the
beginning or in the middle, they require a comma to offset them from the rest of the sentence.
Examples
 Whether you like it or not, you have to take the medicine.
(You should take the medicine, it doesn’t matter if you like or dislike.)

 They won’t be able to come, whether or not they have enough money.
(They can’t come even they have enough money or vice versa.)

 Even if we leave right now, we still won’t catch the train.

 You need to remain calm, even if everyone else panics.
1. I will forgive you, … you don’t say
The correct adverb clause is…
a. even if
b. whether or not
Right answer: A.
I will forgive you, even if you don’t say. Option B is wrong because the word don't in the question has the
same meaning as not in whether or not, so it has a double meaning.
2. Maybe you are finished with the exam, and maybe you are not. It doesn’t matter. The time is up.
The correct sentence is ...
a. You have to hand in your examination paper whether you bring it or not
b. You have to hand in your examination paper whether you finish it or not
Right answer: B.
You have to hand in your examination paper whether you finish it or not is more accurate than option A.
Adverb Clauses of Condition:
Using In Case and In the Event That

• These adverb clauses also answer the question how.

• In case express the idea that something probably won’t happen,
but it might.
• In the event that also express the same idea, but more formal.
(They both mean “if by chance this should happen”). The use of
should in the adverb clause emphasizes the speaker’s uncertainty
that something will happen.
Examples
 He bought an umbrella yesterday, in case his old one broke. (He buys an umbrella because his old one might
be broken.)

 In the event that the speaker doesn’t come, I’m ready to give the presentation. (I’m ready to give the
presentation if the speaker doesn’t come.)

 In case you find any difficulties, don’t hesitate to ask me.

 I have saved the data in my laptop in the event that something wrong happens to my phone, Sir.
Sample Question
1.I’ll be at my uncle’s house … you need to reach me.
a. in the event that
b. in case
Right answer: B.
Since the question is just between you and me, it doesn’t need to be more formal. So the
option A is less suitable to complete the sentence.

2. You probably don’t have any more questions, but maybe you do. If so, ask Dr. Smith.
The correct sentence is ...
a. You can ask Dr. Smith in the event that you have any more questions.
b. In case you have any more questions, just call Dr. Smith.
Right answer: A.
It can’t be B because the situation is more formal.
Adverb Clauses of using Unless and only if
• Unless means if.. not. The result will not happen if the condition is not
fulfilled.
Example: You will be shot unless you give me the keys of the locker

• Only if means the idea that there is only one condition that will cause
particular result
Example: I will come to the meeting only if the chairman himself invites
me
exercise
A. Make sentence with the same meaning by using unless

1. You can’t travel abroad if you don’t have a passport

2. You will get hungry during class if you don’t eat breakfast

B. Make sentences using only if with the same meaning by using only if

3. You have to have an invitationbin order to go to party. That is the only condition under
which you will be admitted. If you don’t have an invitation you can’t go.
You can go to the party only if...
2. I have to get a job. Then I will enough money to go to school.
Only if I get a job...
THANKS!!