LOW COST ROOFING USING AGRICULTURE WASTE

THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS

WERE USED IN OUR RESEARCH
CLAY
Clay is a fine grained natural rock soil or soil
material that combines one or more clay
minerals with a organic matter clay develop
plasticity when wet due to a molecular film of
water surrounding the clay particle it
common sub stance
• RED SOIL
Red soil is the type of soil that develops in warm temperate have
thin organic and organic mineral layers red soil generally
derived from crystalline rock they are usually poor growing
soil

M SAND
M Sand is the most common alternative of river sand it is
produced by crushing of granite rocks m sand less damages to
the environment as compared to natural sand this river sand
harmful to the environment
 RICE HUSK
• The rice husk also called rice hull is the coating on
a seed or a grain of rice it formed from hard
material including silica and lignin to protect the
seed during the growing season produce during
rice milling the rice husk is already dried and
accumulated at the factory
• GREESE
• The funcation of grease is to remain in contact
with and lubricated moving surface without
leaking out under gravity the grease retain
properties under shear at all temperatures
 LOW COST ROOFING USING AGRICULTURE WASTE

ESTIMATION:

SL.NO PARTICULARS QUANTITY RATE AMOUNT

1 MATERIAL      
  RED SOIL 5 5 25
  CLAY 6.05 5 30.25
  M-SAND 9 2 18

  OIL(GREASE) 3.14 LUMP SUM 10

  RICE HUSK 3.14 5 15.7

2 LABOUR      

  MAZDOOR 1 250/DAY 250

3 CONTINGENCIES LUMP SUM LUMP SUM 50

Total = 398.95

Water charge@1%of the total= 3.98

Total= 402.23
Per tile= 402.23/6
= Rs 67.
 TESTS ON MATERIALS:
 
Specific gravity test and sieve analysis was made for each material of Rice Husk Ash, Clay, Red soil and M-sand
 
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF RICE HUSK:
 
AIM:to determine the specific gravity of rice husk
 
APPARATUS:
Pycnometer
Weighing balance
Measuring jar
Drying duster
 
THEORY:
The specific gravity of a material is the ratio of the unit weight to that of water. For the purpose of mix design, the specific gravity of
saturated and surface dry basis is used. The specific gravity of the rice husk falls with the range of 2.00-3.00. The specific gravity
of the rice husk is an important factor affecting the density of the resulting roof tiles. The specific gravity of rice husk can be
determined from the following expression below
 
Specific gravity= W2-W1
(W4-W1)-(W3-W2)
 
 
Where,
 
W1 = Weight of Empty pyconometer (g)
W2 = Weight of pyconometer + Rice Husk Ash (g)
W3 = Weight of pyconometer + Rice Husk + Water (g)
W4 = Weight of pyconometer full of water (g)
PROCEDURE:
 
• Weight pycnometer with its screwed on, while weighting it should be clean
and completely dry.
• Take the weight of the pycnometer, brass cap and washer i.e. W1 grams.
• Take about 1/3rd portion of rice husk, unscrew the cap, put the rice husk in
the pycnometer and screw the cap tightly and weigh the pycnometer +1/3rd
rice husk i.e,W2 grams .
• Add sufficient quantity of water to cover the rice husk and screw the cap
tightly on the pycnometer and mix it thoroughly with a glass rod to remove all
air in the pycnometer.
• After this, fill the pycnometer completely with water, dry the pycnometer from
outside and weigh it i.e,W3 grams
• Empty the pycnometer and clean it thoroughly and fill it completely with
water and weigh it after screwing the cap and drying from outside i.e,W4
grams.
• Take this observation and calculate average specific gravity of rice husk by
given formula

• Specific gravity G= W2-W1

(W4-W1)-(W3-W2)
SL.NO DETERMINATION OBSERVATION

1 Weight of empty pycnometer W1(g)  

2 Weight of pycnometer+1/3rd rice husk W2 (g)  

3 Weight of pycnometer+1/3rd rice husk +water W3 (g)  

4 Weight of pycnometer full of water W4(g)  

5 Weight of dry rice husk(W2-W1)(g)  

6 Weight of an equal volume of water (W4-W1)-(W3-W2)  

7 Specific gravity G=(5)/(6)  

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CLAY:
 
AIM: to determine the specific gravity of clay
 
APPARATUS:
Pycnometer
Weighing balance
Measuring jar
Drying duster
 
THEORY:
The specific gravity of a material is the ratio of the unit weight to that of water. For the purpose of mix design, the specific gravity
of saturated and surface dry basis is used. The specific gravity of the falls with the range of 2.00-3.00. The specific gravity of the
rice husk is an important factor affecting the density of the resulting roof tiles. The specific gravity of rice husk can be
determined from the following expression below
 
Specific gravity G = W2-W1
(W4-W1)-(W3-W2)
Where,
W1 = Weight of Empty pyconometer (g)
W2 = Weight of pyconometer + Clay (g)
W3 = Weight of pyconometer + Clay + Water (g)
W4 = Weight of pyconometer full of water (g)
PROCEDURE:
Weight pycnometer with its screwed on, while weighting it should be clean and completely dry.
Take the weight of the pycnometer, brass cap and washer i.e. W1 grams.
Take about 1/3rd portion of clay, unscrew the cap, put the clay in the pycnometer and screw the cap tightly and weigh the
pycnometer +1/3rd clay i.e,W2 grams .
Add sufficient quantity of water to cover the clay and screw the cap tightly on the pycnometer and mix it thoroughly with a glass
rod to remove all air in the pycnometer.
After this, fill the pycnometer completely with water, dry the pycnometer from outside and weigh it i.e,W3 grams
• Empty the pycnometer and clean it thoroughly and fill it completely with water and weigh it after screwing the
cap and drying from outside i.e,W4 grams.
• Take this observation and calculate average specific gravity of clay by given formula

SL.NO DETERMINATION OBSERVATION

1 Weight of empty pycnometer W1(g)  

2 Weight of pycnometer+1/3rd rice husk W2 (g)  

3 Weight of pycnometer+1/3rd rice husk +water W3 (g)  

4 Weight of pycnometer full of water W4(g)  

5 Weight of dry rice husk(W2-W1)(g)  

6 Weight of an equal volume of water (W4-W1)-(W3-W2)  

7 Specific gravity G=(5)/(6)  

 SL.NO MATERIALS SPECIFIC GRAVITY
1 RICE HUSK ASH  
2 CLAY  
• Specific gravity for rice Husk Ash, Clay, Red soil, M-sand Result:
• 3 RED SOIL  
4 M-SAND  

• Grading Analysis of M-sand:

• Aim: To determine the fineness modulus of M-Sand
• Apparatus:
• 1.Set of IS sieves (4.75mm, 2.36 mm,1.18mm, 600μ,300μ,150μ &Pan)
• 2. Weighing balance
• 3. Sieve shaker
• 4. Porcelain dish
• Theory:
• Sieve analysis involves determination of the size ranges of particle present in all sample expressed as a percentage of the total dry weight. The sieve analysis method is used to determine the particle sues of aggregate
larger than 0.075mm e.g. Sand, gravels, cobbles, pebbles, boulders etc while the hydrometer analysis are used to determine the particle size soil aggregate less than or smaller than 0.075mm in diameter In sieve analysis,
the soil sample is passed through a series of standard test sieves having progressively smaller openings (smaller mesh sizes) The weight of the material retained in each of the sieves is determined and the cumulative
percentage by weight passing each sieve is calculated mathematically
•  
•  
• Formula:
• Fineness Modulus (FM) = ∑Percentage of cumulative weight retained
• 100
• Fineness Modulus (FM)=∑X/100
•
Procedure:
•The 1000g of dried fine aggregate from the given sample.
•Sieves are cleaned and arranged in descending order in the
sieve shaker i.e., 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600μ,
300μ,150μ& Pan
•Screw tightly the sieves on the sieve shaker.
•Operate the sieve shaker for not less Minutes for electrically
operated sieve,if manual operation sieve shaker will be
shaking at least 15minutes.
•Stop the shaker and weigh the material retained on each
sieve on a balancesensitive to 0,1% of the test sample and
calculate the weight retained on each sieve.
•Obtain cumulative percentage weight retained on each
sieve.
•Add all these percentage and divide the total by 100 the
resulting figure isfineness modulus of given aggregate.
Observations And calculations:
Percentage cumulative Percentage
fineness

Sieve size
Weight of fine
Cumulative
aggregate retained
mass retained
(g)

  Weight retained ‘x’ N=(100-X)

4.75mm        

2.36mm        

1.18mm        

600μ        

300μ        

150μ        

Pan        

  ∑=   =  
THANK YOU