RESPIRATORY

SYSTEM
DISEASES
REPORT BY : GROUP 1
ASTHMA
• Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and
swell and produce extra mucus. This can make breathing
difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of
breath.For some people, asthma is a minor nuisance.
For others, it can be a major problem that interferes with
daily activities and may lead to a life-threatening asthma
attack.
ASTHMA : SYMPTOMS
• Asthma symptoms vary from person to person. You may
have infrequent asthma attacks, have symptoms only at
certain times — such as when exercising — or have
symptoms all the time.
• Asthma signs and symptoms include:Shortness of breath,
Chest tightness or pain, Trouble sleeping caused by
shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing, A whistling or
wheezing sound when exhaling (wheezing is a common sign
of asthma in children)Coughing or wheezing attacks that are
worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu
ASTHMA : CAUSES

• It isn't clear why some people get asthma and others

don't, but it's probably due to a combination of
environmental and genetic (inherited) factors.
ASTHMA : HOW IT AFFECTS
THE BODY
• Asthma is a disease that affects the airways of your lungs. With
asthma, your airways' lining tends to always be in a
hypersensitive state characterized by redness and swelling
(inflammation). It's similar to how your skin becomes red,
irritated and sensitive after a sunburn. This hypersensitive state
makes the airways react to things that you are exposed to every
day, or asthma "triggers." A trigger could be the common cold,
stress, changes in the weather, or things in the environment,
such as dust, chemicals, smoke and pet dander.
ASTHMA : TREATMENT
• Inhaled corticosteroids. These medications are used to treat
asthma in the long term. That means you’ll take it every day to
keep your asthma under control. They prevent and ease
swelling inside your airways, and they may cut down mucus
production. You’ll use a device called an inhaler to get the
medicine into your lungs. Common inhaled corticosteroids
include : Beclomethesone (QVAR), Budesonide(Pulmicort),
Fluticasone (Flovent)
PNEUMONIA
• lung inflammation caused by bacterial or viral
infection, in which the air sacs fill with pus and may
become solid. Inflammation may affect both lungs
( double pneumonia ), one lung ( single
pneumonia ), or only certain lobes ( lobar
pneumonia ).
PNEUMONIA : SYMPTOMS
• The signs and symptoms of pneumonia vary from mild to severe,
depending on factors such as the type of germ causing the
infection, and your age and overall health. Mild signs and
symptoms often are similar to those of a cold or flu, but they last
longer.Signs and symptoms of pneumonia may include:Chest
pain when you breathe or coughConfusion or changes in mental
awareness (in adults age 65 and older)Cough, which may
produce phlegmFatigueFever, sweating and shaking chillsLower
than normal body temperature (in adults older than age 65 and
people with weak immune systems)Nausea, vomiting or
diarrheaShortness of breathNewborns and infants may not show
any sign of the infection. Or they may vomit, have a fever and
cough, appear restless or tired and without energy, or have
difficulty breathing and eating.
PNEUMONIA : CAUSES
• Many germs can cause pneumonia. The most
common are bacteria and viruses in the air we
breathe. Your body usually prevents these
germs from infecting your lungs. But sometimes
these germs can overpower your immune
system, even if your health is generally
good.Pneumonia is classified according to the
types of germs that cause it and where you got
the infection.
PNEUMONIA : HOW IT
AFFECTS THE BODY
• Bacteria. The most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in
the U.S. is Streptococcus pneumoniae. This type of
pneumonia can occur on its own or after you've had a cold or
the flu. It may affect one part (lobe) of the lung, a condition
called lobar pneumonia.Bacteria-like organisms.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae also can cause pneumonia. It
typically produces milder symptoms than do other types of
pneumonia. Walking pneumonia is an informal name given to
this type of pneumonia, which typically isn't severe enough to
require bed rest.
• Fungi. This type of pneumonia is most common in people
with chronic health problems or weakened immune
systems, and in people who have inhaled large doses of
the organisms. The fungi that cause it can be found in
soil or bird droppings and vary depending upon
geographic location.Viruses. Some of the viruses that
cause colds and the flu can cause pneumonia. Viruses
are the most common cause of pneumonia in children
younger than 5 years. Viral pneumonia is usually mild.
But in some cases it can become very serious.
PNEUMONIA : TREATMENT
• Treatment for pneumonia involves curing the infection and
preventing complications. People who have community-acquired
pneumonia usually can be treated at home with medication.
Although most symptoms ease in a few days or weeks, the feeling of
tiredness can persist for a month or more.Specific treatments
depend on the type and severity of your pneumonia, your age and
your overall health. The options include:
• Antibiotics. These medicines are used to treat bacterial pneumonia.
It may take time to identify the type of bacteria causing your
pneumonia and to choose the best antibiotic to treat it. If your
symptoms don't improve, your doctor may recommend a different
antibiotic.
• Cough medicine. This medicine may be used to calm your cough so that
you can rest. Because coughing helps loosen and move fluid from your
lungs, it's a good idea not to eliminate your cough completely. In
addition, you should know that very few studies have looked at whether
over-the-counter cough medicines lessen coughing caused by
pneumonia. If you want to try a cough suppressant, use the lowest
dose that helps you rest.
• Fever reducers/pain relievers. You may take these as needed for fever
and discomfort. These include drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil,
Motrin IB, others) and acetaminophen (Tylenol, others).
LUNG CANCER
• Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal
cells in one or both lungs. These abnormal cells do
not carry out the functions of normal lung cells and
do not develop into healthy lung tissue. As they
grow, the abnormal cells can form tumors and
interfere with the functioning of the lung, which
provides oxygen to the body via the blood.
LUNG CANCER : SYMPTOMS
• When lung cancer does cause signs in its early stages, they may vary from
person to person but commonly include:A new cough that is persistent or
worsens, or a change in an existing chronic coughCough that produces
bloodPain in the chest, back or shoulders that worsens during coughing,
laughing or deep breathingShortness of breath that comes on suddenly
and occurs during everyday activitiesUnexplained weight lossFeeling that
you are tired or weakLoss of appetiteLung infections such as bronchitis or
pneumonia that won't go awayHoarseness or wheezingLess common
symptoms of lung cancer may include:Swelling in the face or neckDifficulty
swallowing or pain while swallowingChanges in the appearance of fingers,
called finger clubbing
LUNG CANCER : CAUSES
• No. 1 risk factor is smoking. Almost all cases of the aggressive type
are diagnosed in smokers
• No. 2: The environment. Outdoor air pollution in big cities can
increase the risk of lung cancer.
• No. 3: Pulmonary diseases can also increase the risk of lung cancer.
People infected with primary tuberculosis, or chronic bronchitis, are
more likely to get lung cancer
• No. 4: Poor diet and lack of exercise play a role in contracting cancer,
and people with low fitness levels are likely to get lung cancer.
 LUNG CANCER : HOW IT
AFFECTS THE BODY
• Lung cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of the lungs. It’s not the
same as cancer that starts elsewhere and spreads to the lungs. Initially,
the main symptoms involve the respiratory system. In the later stages of
lung cancer, especially if it spreads to distant areas, it can affect many
systems in your body.Lung cancer can affect more than just your lungs.
Once you have a tumor in your lung, cancer cells can break off and form
new tumors nearby or if wayward cancer cells enter the lymphatic
system or bloodstream, they can travel to other parts of the body. This
process is called metastasis. Lung cancer tends to spread to the:lymph
nodes, bones, brain, liver, adrenal glands