Embedded System Design

Embedded System design

Embedded system design

★ A design is representation of a system in simple form.

★ It consists of several steps.
 Embedded System design

Embedded System Design

 Embedded System design

Embedded System Design

● Phase 1: Creating the Architecture
The process of planning the design of the embedded system

● Phase 2: Implementing the Architecture

The process of developing the embedded system

● Phase 3: Testing the System

The process of testing the embedded system for problems, and then solving those
problems

● Phase 4: Maintaining the System

The process of deploying the embedded system into the working field and
providing technical support for users of that device for the duration of the device‟s
lifetime.
 Embedded System design

Common design models

The Various approaches adopted or models used in

modelling are described below:
★ Linear or waterfall model
★ Iterative / Incremental or Fountain model
★ Prototyping / Evolutionary model
★ Spiral Model
 Embedded System design

Linear or Waterfall Model

 Embedded System design

 Advantages: Rich documentation, Easy project

management, Good control over cost and schedule.

 Drawbacks: No design implementation is done. It

works with assumption. Risk analysis is done only
once. Working model is available at the end and bug
fixes are done in support phase.
When to use the Waterfall Model
 Requirements are very well known
 Product definition is stable
 Technology is understood
 New version of an existing product
 Porting an existing product to a new platform.
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Iterative/ Incremental or Fountain Model

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Advantages :

 Provides good development cycle feedback at each

function/ feature implementation and data can be used
as reference for similar product development in future.
 More responsive to changing user needs.
 Provides a working model with minimum features at
first cycle itself.
 Less manufacturing risk.
 Product development can be stopped at any stage.
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Drawbacks:

 Extensive review requirement impact on operations due

to new releases.
 Training for each new deployment.
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Prototyping/ Evolutionary Model

 Embedded System design

Advantages:

 Easy to incorporate new requirements and technology changes.

 Fine tuning of final requirements is possible.
 Risk is under control.
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Drawbacks :

 Deviation from expected cost and schedule due to requirement

refinement.
 Increased project management.
 Minimal documentation on each prototype may create problem in
backward prototype traceability.
 Increased configuration management activities.
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Spiral model
Spiral Quadrant
Determine objectives, alternatives and constraints

● Objectives: functionality, performance,

hardware/software interface, critical success factors,
etc.
● Alternatives: build, reuse, buy, sub-contract, etc.
● Constraints: cost, schedule, interface, etc.
Spiral Quadrant
Evaluate alternatives, identify and resolve risks
● Study alternatives relative to objectives and constraints
● Identify risks (lack of experience, new technology, tight schedules, poor
process, etc.
● Resolve risks (evaluate if money could be lost by continuing system
development
Spiral Quadrant
Develop next-level product
● Typical activites:

○ Create a design

○ Review design

○ Develop code

○ Inspect code

○ Test product
Spiral Quadrant
Plan next phase
● Typical activities

○ Develop project plan

○ Develop configuration management plan

○ Develop a test plan

○ Develop an installation plan

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Abstraction of steps in design process

★ A design process is called bottom-to-top design if it

builds starting from the components.
★ A design process is called top-to-down design if it
starts with abstraction of the process and then
thereafter the details are created.
★ Top-to-down approach is most favoured approach.
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Levels of abstraction - top level to bottom level

★ Requirements
★ Specifications
★ Architecture
★ Components
★ System integration
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Design Challenges in embedded s/m design

★ Type and amount of hardware needed

★ Optimising power dissipation and energy consumption
★ Process deadlines
★ Flexibility and ability to upgrade
★ Reliability
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Challenges in embedded system design - Optimising

the design metrics

★ Optimising the cost of processor with respect to process

deadlines, response time to an event and latency.
★ Optimising the engineering design cost with respect to
performance.
★ Optimising NRE cost with respect to NRE cost,
performance, functionalities and power dissipation.
 Embedded System design

Challenges in embedded system design - Optimising

the design metrics

★ Optimising the size with respect to NRE cost,

performance, functionalities and power dissipation.
★ Optimising time-to-market and cost of design.
 Embedded System design

Challenges and issues related to embedded software

development

★ Software architectural issues.

★ Software components design.
★ Software components integration with the system.
★ Software development process challenge and issues.
★ Use of object-oriented approach for components design
for their reusability and other features.