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    Christy Polly
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    Ventilators are mechanical devices used to maintain ventilation for patients who cannot breathe adequately on their own. There are two main types - negative pressure ventilators which create suction to expand the lungs, and positive pressure ventilators which push air into the lungs via an endotracheal tube inserted into the trachea. Ventilators can be classified in various ways including by their intended use in anesthesia versus intensive care, how the inspiratory phase is initiated, how the power is transmitted, and how the cycling between inspiration and expiration is controlled.

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    Ventilators are mechanical devices used to maintain ventilation for patients who cannot breathe adequately on their own. There are two main types - negative pressure ventilators which create suction to expand the lungs, and positive pressure ventilators which push air into the lungs via an endotracheal tube inserted into the trachea. Ventilators can be classified in various ways including by their intended use in anesthesia versus intensive care, how the inspiratory phase is initiated, how the power is transmitted, and how the cycling between inspiration and expiration is controlled.

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    12 views10 pages

    4 Ventilators

    Uploaded by

    Christy Polly
    Ventilators are mechanical devices used to maintain ventilation for patients who cannot breathe adequately on their own. There are two main types - negative pressure ventilators which create suction to expand the lungs, and positive pressure ventilators which push air into the lungs via an endotracheal tube inserted into the trachea. Ventilators can be classified in various ways including by their intended use in anesthesia versus intensive care, how the inspiratory phase is initiated, how the power is transmitted, and how the cycling between inspiration and expiration is controlled.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    VENTILATORS

    MODULE 4

    08/22/2022
    Ventilators
    2

    Used
     When ventilation needs to be maintained for long time
     During anesthesia
     Designed to match human breathing waveform
    Types
     Negative pressure ventilator
     Positive pressure ventilator

    08/22/2022
    Endotracheal tube used in mechanical ventilation
    3

    The tube is inserted into the trachea in order to provide air to the lungs.A)
    Endotracheal tube, which sits in the trachea. B) Inflatable Cuff, which
    facilitates the inflation of the balloon at the end of the tube to allow it to sit
    securely in the airway. The balloon can also be deflated via this cuff upon
    extubation. C) Trachea D) Esophagus

    08/22/2022
    Negative pressure ventilator
    4

    08/22/2022
    Negative Ventilation
    5

    1. By pump air withdrawn mechanically to produce vacuum inside the


    tank
    2. Leading to –ve pressure
    3. Leading to expansion of chest
    4. Decrease in intrapulmonary pressure & increase in flow of ambient
    air to lungs
    5. Pressure inside=ambient pressure
    6. Exhalation

    08/22/2022
    Positive Ventilation
    6

    1. Pressure through endo-tracheal tube


    2. Air flows into airway until ventilator breath is terminated

    08/22/2022
    Classification of Ventilators
    7

     Anaethaesia ventilators- Small and simple equipments used to give


    regular assisted breathing
     Intensive care ventilators- ICUs are complicated, accurate control over
    wide range of parameters

    08/22/2022
    Classification of Ventilators
    8

    Based on Method of initiating the inspiratory phase


    i. Controller-ventilator which operates independent on patient’s
    inspiratory effort
    ii. Assistor-ventilator operates in response to patient’s inspiratory
    effort
    iii. Assistor/Controller-combines both controller & assistor

    Based on power transmission


    iv. Direct power transmission-delivers gas directly from source to
    compressed gas
    v. Indirect power transmission-has separate patient and power
    systems

    08/22/2022
    Classification of Ventilators
    9

    Based on cycling control


    i. Cycling from inspiration to expiration
     Volume cycled: ventilator which starts expiratory phase after a tidal
    volume delivered into patient circuit
     Pressure cycled : ventilator which starts expiratory phase after a
    preset pressure attained
     Time cycled: ventilator which starts expiratory phase after a preset
    time period for inspiratory phase

    ii. Cycling from expiration to inspiration


     Pressure cycled
     Time cycled
     Patient inspiratory effort cycled

    08/22/2022
    Classification of Ventilators
    10

    Based on type of safety limit


    i. Volume limited: predetermined volume cannot be exceeded
    during inspiration
    ii. Pressure limited: predetermined pressure cannot be exceeded
    during inspiration
    iii. Time limited: predetermined time cannot be exceeded during
    inspiration

    Based on source of power


    iv. Pneumatic: ventilator powered by compressed gas
    v. Electric: ventilator powered by electrical device

    08/22/2022

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