PDE-CA2 : ASSIGNMENT

DESIGN A LOW COST OPEN SOURCE VENTILATOR

Roll no.: 10303320181137210045 Div: A
Q.1. What is Ventilator?
Ans:
1. A ventilator is a machine that provides mechanical ventilation by moving breathable air
into and out of the lungs,to deliver breaths to a patient who is physically unable to
breathe, or breathing unsufficiently.
2. Modern ventilators are computerized microprocessor-controlled machines, but patients
can also be ventilated with a simple, hand-operated bag valve mask.
3. Ventilators are chiefly used in intensive-care medicine, home care, and emergency
medicine (as standalone units) and in anesthesiology.
4. The two main types of mechanical ventilation include positive pressure ventilation where
air (or another gas mix) is pushed into the lungs through the airways, and negative
pressure ventilation where air is, in essence, sucked into the lungs by stimulating
movement of the chest

Q.2. Give basic principle of ventilator design ?

Ans:
1. Mechanical ventilation is termed "invasive" if it involves any instrument inside the
trachea through the mouth, such as an endotracheal tube or the skin, such as a tracheostomy
tube. Face or nasal masks are used for non-invasive ventilation in appropriately selected
conscious patients.
2. A mechanical ventilator is an automatic machine designed to provide all or part of the
work the body must do to move gas into and out of the lungs. The act of moving air into and
out of the lungs is called breathing, or, more formally, ventilation.

Q.3. What are the different task performed by ventilator ?

Ans:
1. In simplest form, a modern positive pressure ventilator consists of a compressible air
reservoir or turbine, air and oxygen supplies, a set of valves and tubes, and a disposable or
reusable "patient circuit".
2. If a turbine is used, the turbine pushes air through the ventilator, with a flow valve
adjusting pressure to meet patient-specific parameters. When over pressure is released, the
patient will exhale passively due to the lungs' elasticity, the exhaled air being released usually
through a one-way valve within the patient circuit called the patient manifold.
3. Ventilators may also be equipped with monitoring and alarm systems for patient-related
parameters (e.g. pressure, volume, and flow) and ventilator function (e.g. air leakage, power
failure, mechanical failure), backup batteries, oxygen tanks, and remote control. The
pneumatic system is nowadays often replaced by a computer-controlled turbopump.
4. Modern ventilators are electronically controlled by a small embedded system to allow
exact adaptation of pressure and flow characteristics to an individual patient's needs.
Fine-tuned ventilator settings also serve to make ventilation more tolerable and comfortable
for the patient.
Q.4. Give the functional Block -diagram of ventilator?
Ans:

5. Explain an idea for designing a low -cost , open source ventilator (supported by
specification , circuit diagram and sketch ?
Ans:
An open-source ventilator is a disaster-situation ventilator made using a freely-licensed (open
source) design, and ideally, freely-available components and parts. Designs, components, and
parts may be anywhere from completely reverse engineered or completely new creations,
components may be adaptations of various inexpensive existing products.

In open source ventilator we managed to get low cost ventilator by this method:
1. The oxygen cylinder already comes with pressure gauge valve pass to inspiratory valve
with a pressure sensor through the pipe and then pass to the lungs.
2. The other pipe is used for expiratory into the atmosphere.
3. The pressure prescribed by the doctor is managed by the breathing circuit which contains
Arduino pro mini , touch display, and power to the circuit.
4. The Arduino pro mini gives the input to pressure sensor with prescribed BPM(breaths per
minute) and inputs can be changed by the touch display and it is operated with power supply.
5. If the pressure exceeds or fall short of than the given pressure it will give the alarm on the
display.